Accounting Ethics and Impact on Business Performance Term Paper

Accounting Ethics and Impact on Business Performance - Term Paper Example This paper seeks to explain the relevance and need to embrace these ethical practices and their impact on the general business performance. Accounting ethics are moral values that govern the profession of accounting. They can also be described as judgments that apply in course of undertaking accounting tasks (Saleemi, 2002). These ethics have become accepted globally by government agencies and companies and help instill some degree of discipline both at organization level as well as employee level. Embracing these ethics cannot be ignored at this time of global economic crisis caused by malicious employees who collude with others and form cartels that have ripped off organizations and government resources leading to complete collapse or closure of once profit-making companies and organizations. Driven by the need to earn profits, an organization should also strive to ensure that shareholders’ interests are met. These interests vary among individual shareholders and as such acc ounting ethics in an organization are paramount in meeting these. It is with regard of its importance in controlling and monitoring the accounting profession that this paper concurs with adherence to accounting ethics. Accounting Ethics Lead to Better Management and Profitability There are shareholders whose interest is in the capital gains from the company. Pandey (2003) states that if the motive behind investing in a company is driven on capital gains, then the shareholders are likely to have a keen interest in the dividend policy of the organization. Accounting ethics in this case would strive to ensure proper reporting of the accounting statement. Alternately, there are another group of stakeholders or investors who are mostly concerned with a company’s management style and hence would demand that accountants have the necessary skills to help them undertake their task in the most professional way. All government bodies and companies have set ethical measures for the pract ice of this profession. These include competence, confidentiality, integrity, objectivity, timeliness, full disclosure, materiality and many others which are to look in the discussion. At the height of growing concerns of whether or not ethics play a role in companies’ management, the duty to ensure that all works well rests with the management. Everything progresses or fails due to the management and as such it is paramount to ensure that all ethical practices begin with them (Carbone, 2012). Business is not all about making profits but also how the company is perceived in the general business environment (Belkaoui, 1992). Most of the organizations are driven by the desire to retain their clients. This begins right from the way such clients are handled and their needs met. There are cases of companies that have embarked on this journey of adherence to accounting ethics and as such have reaped a lot of benefits over the years. Some of these are Safaricom Ltd, Sammer Group of Companies, Equity Bank, Kenolkobil, British American Tobacco, Oldmutual Investment Services, Kestrel Investment Services, and British American Insurance (Garrison, 2009). Safaricom has been applauded for observing high standards of integrity in customer relations. This extends from the way they respond to client complaints to the preparation of their accounting statements (Ferugson, 2007). The company has been the most profitable company in Eastern Africa for the past seven years maintaining the lead even in economic recessions as experienced since 2011(Kieso, 2009). Their

What is Liberal Democracy Historical view of the Liberal Democracy Research Paper

What is Liberal Democracy Historical view of the Liberal Democracy Theory - Research Paper Example 1Liberal democracy is distinguished by fair competitive voting among diverse political groups, a power partition in different administration structures and fair ruling in an open civilization as well as human rights safety in a state. The constitution in a liberal democratic state demands equal rights, guarantee the freedom of speech, religion, equality before the bylaw, due process and other constitutional rights. In most cases, liberal democracy focuses on the America’s political philosophy. It seeks to modify the political, social and economic aspects in order to promote development as well as advance the welfare of citizens in the independent state. Although, a country with liberal democracy can effectively achieve economic development, democratic government always achieves democracy at associated costs. Historical view of the Liberal Democracy Theory The basis of liberal democracy dates back to the Enlightenment era during the earlier 18th century. The facade of equality that contributed to the rise of liberal democratic theory was a result of the capitalism ideologies. This theory was developed in Europe when many of the European states were under monarchies with political authority being held in the hands of aristocracies. The theory was a fundamental device for political equality that maintained economic foundation of a capitalist society and need for transition in the political, social and economic process. The classical theorists from the western region have always considered the political theory of liberalism and believed that democracy would be intrinsically unsteady. This is because of the changing whims and different perception from citizens, and they further thought that democracy was divergent to the human nature. This is because the viewed human being as people with violent, evil; thus they needed strong leaders who could restrain their destructive whims. Additionally, many of the Europeans who held powers believed that God is the one wh o ordained such powers; thus, the question of the right to rule was comparable to profanity. However, it was until when the Enlightenment intellectuals who believed that human nature could be guided by a reason and required principles to guide them. During this period, several issues arose in the leadership hegemony; thus, the French and American revolutions gave birth to the liberalism ideologies. They also required the government to adopt the doctrines of the Enlightenment thinkers and apply them in the daily practice. It was then when one of the Germany philosophers, Adolf Hitler who was the leaders of Nazi Party, often quoted in the ‘tyranny of the majority’ rose into power and many things changed.2 Therefore, the liberal democracy rose due to democracy waves, which was a result of wars, revolutions, religious issues, great depression that led to economic deterioration and decolonization. All these aspects made many liberals fight for liberal democratic powers. Adva ntages for a Country with a Democratic Government A country with democratic government is subjected to varied economic, social and political benefits. First, a state with democratic governance can effectively achieve economic development because of good governance. This is because democratic governance is good for economic development since it enables different countries to participate in trading activities and attracts investors to invest within the country. The liberal democratic states have good form of governance whereby individuals have equal rights to exercise their freedom in all aspects such as speech, religion and other concerning areas. Therefore, they can interact freely with others in terms of economic and social

International marketing importance and role

International marketing importance and role International marketing is simply the application of marketing principles to more than one country. A great number of economists assures that international marketing is an on-going historical process, this process leads to the increasing integration of the production of goods, services, ideas, culture, communication and environmental pollution on a world-wide scale, imparting locality of populations and labor. Importance of International Marketing A firms international marketing program must generally be modified and adapted to foreign markets.   This international marketing program uses strategies to accomplish its marketing goals.  Within each foreign nation, the firm is likely to find a combination of marketing environment and target markets that are different from those of its own home country and other foreign countries.   It is important that in international marketing, product, pricing, distribution and promotional strategies be adapted accordingly.  In order for an international firm to function properly, cultural, social, economic, and legal forces within the country must be clearly understood.   The task of International marketing is more difficult and risky than expected by many firms.   One of the most controlling factors of international marketing is management.   It is very important for managers to recognize the differences as well as similarities in buyer behavior.  Many mistakes can occur if managers fail to realize that buyers differ from country to country.   It is the international differences in buyer behavior, rather than similarities, which cause problems in successful international marketing. Who is responsible? An international marketing manager is a manager responsible for facilitating the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Sometimes an international marketing manager will find difficulties in completing the exchange of products.  Many surprises in international business are undesirable human mistakes.   An international corporation must fully understand the foreign environment before pursuing business matters.  To be effective in a foreign market it is necessary to understand the local customs.   Knowing what to do in a foreign country is as important as knowing what not to do.   Failure to understand local customs can lead to serious misunderstandings between business people. Important Factors It is very important to be able to interpret the different means of communication in international marketing. It is almost impossible to attain complete knowledge and understanding of a foreign culture.   As established, culture plays an important role in the drama of international marketing.   Of all the cultural aspects, communication may be the most critical.  It is certain that communication has been involved in a number of cultural confusion.  Good communication linkages must be set between a company and its customers, suppliers, its employees, and the governments of the countries where it performs business activities. Issues with International Marketing Communications Poor communication can obviously cause various difficulties.  One source of difficulty among starting companies is that of effective communication with potential buyers.  The problem is that there are many possible communication barriers.  Sometimes messages can be translated incorrectly, regulations overlooked, and economic differences can be ignored.  Other times when the message does arrive, its ineffectiveness can cause it to be of no value. Every now and then a buyer will receive the message, but to the companies disappointment, the message was sent incorrect.  It is normal in multinational businesses to send and receive messages on a regular basis.   Many well-known people have incapacitated public speech introductions by using inaccurate titles and names.  Not all communication problems are verbal.  Some serious problems have occurred as a result of non-verbal communication.  Non-verbal communication exists in numerous forms.   Sometimes a persons appearanc e can convey a stronger message than intended. The perception of the product characteristics plays an important role in the international marketing strategy.  One must realize that the importances of a certain product traits vary from country to country.  Multinational corporations, therefore, must consider varying promotional tactics.   Adapting the product but using the same promotional mix is a strategy used when a product will not appeal to different local tastes. This international marketing channel is sequence of marketing organizations from nation to nation that directs the flow of products.   Most industrial products use shorter channels. One of the most basic levels of international marketing is licensing.   A license is a contractual agreement in which one firm permits another to produce and market its product and use its brand name in return for a royalty or other compensation.  This grant may be in the form of a direct sale of rights or be limited to a certain period of time. International licensing can be tied to joint ventures between the parent and the subsidiary. International marketers tend to concentrate on higher income countries as either personal, disposable, or discretionary.   For obvious reasons, marketers tend to concentrate on higher income countries.   Some producers have found that their products are more likely to sell in countries with low income.   As in domestic marketing, the determining factor is how well the product satisfies its target market.   International marketing encompasses all business activities that involve exchanges across national boundaries.   A firm may enter the international market for many reasons.   Whatever the reason international marketing can provide and efficient way of entering the market.   A firms marketing program must be adapted to foreign markets to account for differences in the business environment and target markets form nation to nation.   The marketing mix may require the modification of cultural, social, economic, and legal differences. Foreign marketing requires the under standing of various additional costs, which tend to increase the prices of exported goods.   The marketing program of an international company must adapt to the necessities of a foreign market. The strategies it uses to accomplish a firms marketing goal should be the main priority of the marketing program. Communication involves the skilful use of all the capacities of language organized into a system of tools, techniques and transmission devices. For example, if the idea of advertising is to create in the customers mind utility and value, this means that the marketer has to position the product in a way that makes it desirable to the customer, enabling transference of a basic need into a want. International integrated communication involves the formulation of vision that results in a strategy and implementation of an integrated communications plan in more than one country in various parts of the world, as opposed to the entire world, which would then make it global. Problems with International Marketing Communications Both the international marketing and marketing communications literature deal with this by adding some international elements to the basic process. The task that the sender has is to use socio-cultural cues and symbols familiar to the receiver and to select media that are socio-culturally and legally appropriate (if available). The increased difficulties are underscored by the idea of both the senders and the receivers realm of understanding and field of experience. Clearly factors affecting communication in the international context are such things as language for example brand names perception for example colour, values and beliefs for example veneration of the elderly or local advertising regulations for example comparative advertising. The complexity of the situation is clear to see. The difficulties of getting the message across the sender-receiver can be difficult These difficulties are exacerbated in the international setting. Marketing communications in  international markets  needs to be conducted with care, some of the factors that need to be considered in relation to  international marketing communications  (Promotion) are: The work ethic of employees and customers to be targeted by media. Levels of literacy and the availability of education for the national population. The similarity or diversity of beliefs, religion, morality and values in the target nation. The family and the roles of those within it are factors to take into account. International marketing is much more than just translating your advertising campaign.   Successful global brands communicate by understanding and adapting to local markets. One of the issues discussed in International marketing communication helps in uncovering how to reformulate products for local palates for instance HJ Heinzs wanted to market its oat based baby food in china. Research showed that the Chinese were not familiar with oats and hence it introduced methods of international marketing communications. Globalization in the sense of firms from all over the world interacting and dealing with each other is expected to be the normal state of affairs for the majority of businesses. In the industrial or business-to business sector, this pattern may be even more pronounced because advanced communications and transportation technologies have the potential for enabling the laws of comparative advantage to be realized to a very high degree. Thus, businesses that were used to dealing with other businesses from all over the country will now seek relationships from all over the world. Internet-based B2B E-commerce, has, of course, been at the vanguard of the expected revolution in the way global business will be conducted in the future and has led to uncounted predictions of a worldwide e-business revolution where virtually all industrial firms will be linked together in a gigantic electronic global network . Yet, this scenario seems a bit too simplistic. All of the hype about global B2B E-comm erce, networks, hubs, electronic auctions, etc., implies that the only thing standing in the way of electronically linked businesses on a global scale is the right technological hardware and software that, once put in place, will have global businesses operating with the precision and reliability of a Swiss watch. After all, this technocentric view suggests that the only difference between operating around the block or around the world is geographical distance. Therefore, it is just a matter of having the right satellites, telecommunications networks, and supply chains in place to solve this problem of distance. In an era of relatively instantaneous contact between organizations across the seemingly shrinking globe, why should one consider cultural distance at all? Simply because culture affects virtually all of human behavior. For example, culture has been defined as the software of the mind.Hofstedes extensive research on culture has helped conceptualize one of the most popular theories of cultural types, as evidenced by well over 1000 citations from Cultural Consequences reported in the Social Science Citation since 1980. His approach to culture initially identified four underlying value dimensions: (1) individualism vs. collectivism, (2) large vs. small power distance, (3) strong vs. weak uncertainty avoidance, and (4) masculinity vs. femininity (a fifth dimension, long- vs. short-term orientation was added later). The role of marketing communications in international marketing strategy has never been greater than in the emerging global competitive environment. A connecting fact in the literature is the understanding that the various elements of the communications and it shouldnt be isolated if they are to be utilized optimally and successfully these must be taken as part of a total concept for optimal results. Cultural issues may be even more prominent than they are for tangible goods. There are large variations in willingness to pay for quality, and often very large differences in expectations. In some countries, it may be more difficult to entice employees to embrace a firms customer service philosophy. Labor regulations in some countries make it difficult to terminate employees whose treatment of customers is substandard.  Speed of service is typically important in the U.S. and western countries but personal interaction may seem more important in other countries. A very complex and controversial issue is that of ethics. The varying norms and social values, many a time make the international business environment very intricate and perplexing. The term business ethics refers to the system of moral principles and rules of conduct applied to business. That there should be business ethics means the business should be conducted according to certain self recognized moral standards. There is, however, no unanimity of opinion regarding what constitutes business ethics. An international marketer often finds that the norms of ethics vary from country to country. What is ethically wrong or condemned in one nation may not be in another. Another issue is whether it is ethical to sell products are banned in some countries because of their harmful effects in other countries (often in developing countries). One issue is that if the government of a country permits the marketing of such a product, should a company give up the sales of the product on its own. If the harmful effects of a product outweigh the benefits, a company with sound ethics will not do business in that product even if there is no legal objection. With the increasing globalization of the business world, international segmentation becomes an ever more important concept in marketing. The globalization forces now at work push many companies to extend or reorganize their marketing strategies across borders and target international segments of consumers. Conclusion Business in the age of globalization has both facilitated and necessitated a move towards the internationalization of organizations of all sizes (Wood Robertson, 2000). However, while globalization is indisputably occurring in a variety of shapes throughout the world, there is as yet a considerable gap in the literature regarding the internationalization of businesses. Consequently, organizations engaging in international business frequently find themselves utterly unprepared for the environments they are entering and unaware of the potential risks involved in the internationalization move. This lack of preparation is already evident in the criteria applied to discriminate international markets against one another in order to select suitable countries for market entry. Often, countries for international business activity are chosen according to soft factors, i.e. factors such as proximity or personal preference, rather than hard factors such as market size, growth rate or accessibility

Charles Lindbergh Essay -- essays papers

Charles Lindbergh One of the greatest heroes the world has ever known Charles Augustus Lindbergh. He is most famous for his transatlantic flight from New York to Paris. Lindbergh acquired great fame for doing â€Å"good will† tours in Latin America. Other than politicians and war heroes no one has yet quite matched his fame. He was a genus when it came to aviation and mechanics. He advised the making and design of several planes from ones made of wood and wire to supersonic jets. He helped several countries and airlines by giving them advise on their air fleets. He wrote several documents of his journeys and of his life. Charles Lindbergh entered this world on February 4, 1902 in Detroit, Michigan. He grew up in Rapid Falls, Minnesota on a family farm. His father’s name was Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Sr. He was a lawyer and a congressman for the state of Minnesota between the years of 1907 and 1917. His mother’s name was Evangeling Land Lodge. As a child Lindbergh showed that he had a great deal of mechanical ability. When he was eighteen years old he began attending the University of Wisconsin. While at Wisconsin he majored in mechanical engineering. During his time at the university he paid more attention to the growing field of avaion than he did to his studies. In 1924 Charles Lindbergh enlisted in the United States Army so he could begin studying on how to be a fighter pilot. One year later he graduated from the Army flight training school that was held on both Brook’s field and Kelly’s field. He graduated as the number one pilot in his class. After that he bought his own airplane and for the next six years of his life he spent flying an airplane for Robertson Aircraft Corporation. The planes filled with mail he flew from St. Louis, Missouri to Chicago, Illinois. During this time he was also a barnstormer which is a stunt pilot that does stunts over fairs and other public gatherings. During this time he received a reputation of not only being a cautions pilot but a quite capable pilot as well. A New York City hotel owner named Raymond Orteig started the Orteig Prize. The Orteig Prize was a twenty five thousand dollars for the first man to fly across the Atlantic Ocean solo and without stopping in between. Many pilots were injured or even killed trying to win the Orteig Prize. Raymond Orteig started the competition in 1919 and Charles Lindbergh had b... ...aui, Hawaii. He is buried in a small church graveyard in Kipahulu, Hawaii. After his death a collection of his writings were published in 1978 and the book was entitled â€Å"Autobiography of Values†. Charles Augustus Lindbergh was an explorer and pioneer in the field of aviation. His story showed great triumph of the human spirit. When Charles Lindbergh’s son had been kidnapped it shocked and fascinated the entire world. He was not only one of the finest pilots of his time but he was an excellent public speaker. In the 1920’s and 1930’s English teachers used his writings and even more often his wife’s writings in their English lessons. English and History teachers still use Charles Lindbergh’s and his wife’s works in their lessons. Even though Lindbergh was most famous for his transatlantic flight and winning the Orieg Prize he is also honored for his expertise in aviation and promoting â€Å"good will† throughout the Latin American countries. He is also given partial credit for such creations as the Boeing 747. Lindbergh was also a great combat pilot in World War II when fighting against the Japanese as a civilian. That is how Cha rles Lindbergh became one of the world’s greatest heroes.

Exchange Rates and Forward Contracts Analyses Essay

The appreciation of the Australian dollar would affect the investor in a positive manner. When the U. S. firm invested in Australian dollar in the Australian money market, consequently the returns would be in Australian dollar, there would be a gain on the side of the U. S firm. This would mean that the return in U. S dollar would be greater after Australian dollar’s appreciation. When the U. S firm has to repay the borrowed money in Japanese yen, it needs more U. S dollars than how much it should have been if the Japanese yen did not appreciate. This means a loss on foreign exchange transaction for the U. S firm. â€Å"Price it now and deliver later† is the underlying concept for â€Å"forward contracts† (Kolb, 2002) protecting parties from possible exchange rate fluctuations. Since Wolfpack expects British pounds to be appreciating, and it is invoicing in this currency, it is better NOT to hedge its exports with a forward contract. Pricing at the current exchange rate means lesser US dollar returns as compared to the appreciated British pounds that can purchase more U. S dollars for Wolfpack in its home country.

Digital Art

Digital art is a general term for a range of artistic works and practices that use digital technology as an essential part of the creative and/or presentation process. Since the 1970s, various names have been used to describe the process including computer art and multimedia art, and digital art is itself placed under the larger umbrella term new media art. The impact of digital technology has transformed activities such as painting, drawing and sculpture, while new forms, such as net art, digital installation art, and virtual reality, have become recognized artistic practices. More generally the term digital artist is used to describe an artist who makes use of digital technologies in the production of art. In an expanded sense, â€Å"digital art† is a term applied to contemporary art that uses the methods of mass production or digital media There are two main paradigms in computer generated imagery. The simplest is 2D computer graphics which reflect how you might draw using a pencil and a piece of paper. In this case, however, the image is on the computer screen and the instrument you draw with might be a tablet stylus or a mouse. What is generated on your screen might appear to be drawn with a pencil, pen or paintbrush. The second kind is 3D computer graphics, where the screen becomes a window into a virtual environment, where you arrange objects to be â€Å"photographed† by the computer. Typically a 2D computer graphics use raster graphics as their primary means of source data representations, whereas 3D computer graphics use vector graphics in the creation of immersive virtual reality installations. A possible third paradigm is to generate art in 2D or 3D entirely through the execution of algorithms coded into computer programs and could be considered the native art form of the computer. That is, it cannot be produced without the computer. Fractal art, Data moshing, algorithmic art and Dynamic Painting are examples.

APES Chapter 6 vocab Essay Example

APES Chapter 6 vocab Essay Example APES Chapter 6 vocab Paper APES Chapter 6 vocab Paper cultural carrying capacity an optimum level that would allow most people to live in reasonable comfort and freedom without impairing the ability of the planet to sustain future generation population change calculated by subtracting the number of people leaving a population (through death and emmigration) from the number entering (through birth and immigration) during a specific period of time (usually a year) crude birth rate the number of live births per 1,000 people crude death rate the number of deaths per 1,000 people fertility rate the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime replacement-level fertility rate the average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves total fertility rate (TFR) the average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years infant mortality rate the number of children per 1,000 live births who die before one year of age life expectancy the average number of years an infant can expect to live age structure the distribution of males and females among age groups in a population demographic transition a hypothesis of population change. Involves four transitions (preindustrial, transitional, industrial, and postindustrial) preindustrial stage of demographic transition population grows very slowly because of a high birth rate and a high death rate transitional phase of demographic transition population grows rapidly because birth rates ate high and death rates drop industrial stage of demographic transition population growth slows as both birth and death rates drop postindustrial stage of demographic transition population growth levels off and then declines as birth rates equal and then fall below death rates family planning provides educational and clinical services that help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them

Pygmy goats essays

Pygmy goats essays The goat was domesticated in Iran around 10,000 years ago. Historians think they were the first domesticated animal, partly because they are so adaptable to live just about anywhere in any type of environment or climate. In fact, Goats are depicted in Paleolithic art. It is known that the goats were so valuable to humans that they were eventually used as a form of currency. They belong to the same family as the sheep and the lama. A species of goat is the pygmy goat. Also known as the, African Dwarf, Djallonke, Dwarf West African, Forest goat, Fouta Djallon, Grassland Dwarf, Chevre naine de Savanes, Guinean, Guinean Dwarf, Pygmy, Tibetana, Cameroon Dwarf, Chevre de Casamance, Diougry, Chevre naine de l'est, Kosi, Nigerian Dwarf, or as most of us would say, little goats or mini goats. Originated in the Middle East and Africa, it is believed the small size of the African Pygmy Goat allows it to survive in lands unsuitable for sheep and cattle. Domestic goats are found worldwide. They are small for two reasons. They were mainly bred for their small size and also because the extreme heat and harsh conditions of the desert stunted their growth. They were imported into the United States by Lutz Ruhe for display in zoos in the late 1950's. They are becoming increasingly popular as pets and are mostly raised for show and personal enjoyment in the U. S. Goats are mainly used for their meat, wool, and milk. The pygmy goat produces a surprisingly large amount of milk for their small size. Although most people in America dislike goat milk, cheese and other goat products, they are more popular than cow products through out the rest of the world. Goats milk is lower in cholesterol, higher in calcium, vitamin A and B and phosphorus. Goats wool is also used through out the world for clothing and other fabrics. If they are domesticated, the female is the nanny or if they are wil ...

The Etymology (and Punctuation) of Fathers Day

The Etymology (and Punctuation) of Fathers Day The Etymology (and Punctuation) of Father’s Day Happy Fathers Day! And what better way to celebrate than with a little etymology? A slap-up meal followed by a nap in the sunshine, you say? There’ll be time for that later! For now, let’s look at where the word â€Å"father† comes from and why we use an apostrophe in â€Å"Fathers Day.† The Etymology of Father Our modern word â€Å"father† comes from the Old English fà ¦der, which meant â€Å"he who begets a child.† This is close to several words for fathers in other languages, including Old Norse (fathir), German (Vater), Sanskrit (pitar), and Latin and Greek (both use pater). In fact, the similarities between these words suggest a common source. As such, most experts trace â€Å"father† to a Proto-Indo-European term. And while we cannot know what this was exactly, it may have been something like pÉ™ter-. Fatherhood is tough when your kids look down on you. Pa, Papa, Dad, and More So if â€Å"father† comes from pÉ™ter-, where does this term come from? It may have evolved from the basic noise â€Å"pa,† which we still see in words like â€Å"papa.† The words â€Å"dad† and â€Å"dada† have similar origins in â€Å"da,† and we see these simple sounds in words for fathers all over the world. The main theory for why we see this pattern so much is that â€Å"da,† â€Å"pa,† and â€Å"ta† are some of the first noises babies can make. The same is true of the â€Å"ma† from â€Å"mama,† which becomes â€Å"mom.† As such, when babies start making noises like â€Å"da† and â€Å"pa,† we assume they’re addressing their parents. And over time, this has led to words like â€Å"dad† and â€Å"pa† entering our everyday speech. Fathers Day vs. Fathers Day As a rule, you should always include an apostrophe in Fathers Day. This is the traditional way of writing it, but it also makes sense. After all, you usually focus on your own father on this day. Thus, the â€Å"Father† in Fathers Day is typically one person, even if that person is different for each of us. Writing â€Å"Fathers Day† or â€Å"Fathers Day,† on the other hand, would imply you’re celebrating fathers in general. And while that would be admirable, you’d need a lot of stamps to send a card to every father in the world. All in all, then, you’re probably better off focusing on your own dad for today.

Latin America Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Latin America Politics - Research Paper Example The Economic circumstances declined quickly all through his management, the chief achievement of which, and determined public-works program, was attained by hovering huge loans overseas. A delayed period of fighting and strife followed Machado's defeat, with recurrent adjustments of government. All through this period the United States established a variety of measures, with abrogation of the Platt Amendment, in an attempt to calm the accepted conflict on the island. The dissemination in 1940 of a new establishment gave in further to the decrease of political anxiety. In December 1941 the Cuban government confirmed war on Germany, Japan, and Italy; as a result it became a charter member of the United Nations (UN) during 1945. (emayzine.com) The Cuban revolution initiated with the resistance for equality beside the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. A country whose financial systems with the political system were conquered by the US interests, the insurgency was also a fight back for democracy in the sagacity of endearing the right of the Cuban nation to act as an autonomous power and shape its own future. Unlike the case in other states, which invariably criticize Cuba for being autocratic, the voter turn-out in Cuba is soaring. (Cubasolidarity.org) Cuba has opposed The political development of Cuba: Cuba has opposed and will persist to oppose the power of those who have hoped to conquer the island nation for more than four and a half decades. In order to accomplish this, Cuba depends upon its olden times, civilization and culture, a little that is totally and neutrally dissimilar of the other nations, this in spite of the accessible internal situation that act as a propagation ground for the propagation of discordant and naughty exercises of the enemy. The fragmentation of the agreement of the Cuban community is the foremost purpose of the domain and its legislature. Alongside their ideological defence, now of a lot more strong nature, they proclaimed the emergency of Marxism, the ending of the history, and the demise of beliefs. They encouraged perceptions like human rights plus civil society, both of course in terms of their bourgeoisie perceptions. (Luz Marina, 2004) The Two mid consistent issues worry the board on politics: the trouble of democratic system, that is, its non-existence within Cuba; and the principle that Cuba's present government, its existing form of government, is not channelized, that it is temporary( Mauricio Solan , 1999)The economic development of Cuba over the years: Cuba has a twofold economy, with two different systems working side by side. The communist peso economy applies to most Cubans, providing them with free education, free health care, widespread employment, unemployment reward, disability and retirement settlement and the essential necessities of life: rations lodging, utilities and some entertainment at very little cost. The free-market polarized financial system functions within the tourist, worldwide and export divisions, and significantly maintains the Marxist economy. The Cuban Government persists to hold on to communist principles in systematizing its state-controlled financial system. Most of the resources of

E-Commerce in the Job Placement Industry Research Paper

E-Commerce in the Job Placement Industry - Research Paper Example People waste so much of their time applying for jobs, attempting to be interviewed by going to offices, only to incur expenses they should not have incurred in the first place. American Online writer, O’Donnell, J.T. (2012) reported that the average time it takes the unemployed to find a job is 7 months while most job hunters give up looking for one within 5 months. This project seeks to provide a way for the many who are unemployed in the USA to avoid unnecessary cost of job seeking while increasing their chances of finding the right work, at the right place, according to their qualifications and acceptable options, and within less than 5 months. It involves disclosure of an E-commerce System that does not charge any amount to applicants before he or she lands a job. But it will earn after the job applicant finally gets accepted into an acceptable employment. The problem of unemployment should become a good opportunity for such an E-commerce business to flourish by successful ly finding the right person for the right jobs. Most of the work will entail staying at home, using the computer to voluntarily join the Placement Office which will be called Special Order Services for Job Seekers or SOS JobS. Its purpose is to invite, qualify, communicate, educate, guide, search the right work for each job seeker, have communications with the potential employers, refer those found qualified, and then collect from people who got successfully employed. There is a logical process to succeed in this business. Through diligence, both applicant and employer should be happier as a result of services rendered by the Placement Office for both the employer and the potential applicants. The hypotheses are twofold. First, job placement services online offer mere opportunities with substantial services to know what and where the job openings are, but minimal services to facilitate the job seeker’s effort to successfully get employed within a short period of time, e.g. le ss than 5 months. Second, the entry of SOS JobS, the more thorough job placement services will logically make it easier for employers to find the right person for the right work. And the job seekers facilitated by the management information system of SOS JobS will realize faster employment. Literature Review Minelli, Mark, and Breckon, Donald (2009, p.127) clearly stated that the number of online placement businesses for job seekers has been growing. However, the process of allowing people to find their work has a common standard. The management information system proposed in this paper is very different because of multiple services not offered for free at online job placement businesses and far less commitment on the part of the job placement services online to get the needed work for a person who needs work. Instead, the applicant is told where to apply for job openings. And then the actual next step is just to bid the applicant good luck. O’Deonnell, J.T. (2012) identified five explanations why people in the USA find it hard to be employed within months or unemployment. (1) A candidate for work wants higher pay or presents himself as overqualified. (2) The choice of location wherein that candidate is willing to live disqualifies him. Job openings may be elsewhere. (3) The skills in searching for work may be poor. (4) No network or referrals was laid out to expedite the discovery of that candidate.  

PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN A CHILD'S EDUCATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN A CHILD'S EDUCATION - Essay Example What are the best practices of parental involvement employed in schools? This section will highlight the characteristics of parental involvement and the strategies employed by parents and schools. It gives insight into how parental involvement can successfully enhance student achievement. The benefits of parental involvement in the child’s education will be discussed here. This section will highlight several research studies that provide support for the advantages of parental involvement. A critical discussion is provided based on the findings gathered from various research articles. Adolescent years is perhaps one of the, if not the most, trying years of parenthood. Studies have shown that parental involvement in the early years of education is related to the type of relationship that develops between parent and child during the adolescent years. This section of the paper will discuss the relationships of parental involvement in light the educational years of an adolescent child. Despite the recognition of parental involvement’s significance in the education of children, bringing the parent’s to a meaningful level of participation in schools remains challenging. The challenges and how they can be best addressed will be discussed in this section. Based on the previous discussions, through existing literature on parental involvement, recommendations on the programs and initiatives will be outlined in this section. This section will also summarize the findings and give conclusions on the role of parental involvement in children’s

CRITIQUE #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CRITIQUE #1 - Essay Example At the start of her presentations, she always displays a confident look. The facial expression and the swiftness in getting her first words right helps to capture the attention of the audience. She also exhibits a mastery of the content they present. She is rarely distracted and never stammers during her presentations. She seems to have internalized her content and understood what is required of them; she is precise and straight to the point. In addition, she is relaxed and shows expressions that are related to what she is talking about. In order to capture the attention of all, she is not very fast neither is she too slow, she has adopted a pace that allows her viewers to get her clearly. Her eye movements, the movement of the mouth and the synchrony in body movement are evidence that she exhibits confidence. When presenting her story has a flow and she seems to relate with what she communicates to her audience. In addition, she portrays the emotions that go with the specific presen tation that she has at hand. Focusing on the positive attributes of Jackie Nespral, we find that she is also equally good. She is articulate in her presentation and exhibits a good mastery of language, this makes her read through her content fast. Her confidence can be established through her body language and she seems to have basics of her content, an aspect that gives her confidence. Her interview skills are superb, in the sense that she is quite inquisitive and attempts to get every detail of the topic under discussion. She capitalizes on every available minute, making it possible for her to present the news within the shortest time possible. She is very cheerful and relates very well with her stories; she displays the emotions behind her stories. The body language communicates much to the viewers, especially on what the emotion behind the story is. In addition, Jackie is elaborate and does make necessary body movements,

Student discussions week 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Student discussions week 7 - Assignment Example Typically, in a larger company, most workstations are shared; in addition to this, many of those workstations are restarted between shifts, which in turn resolves many issues that may otherwise appear in regards to caching issues. ___________________________________________________________________ Response 2: Joshua Hi Joshua, It is my opinion that the answer you have provided is just the sort of thing this particular question was looking for. Windows 7 Performance Monitor may indeed track and monitor major bottlenecks or abnormalities on the system. This is something that is seen quite often on workstations in large organizations, especially ones that rely on the company network itself, like those that use VDI, as opposed to those that are setup as standalone stations that access company tools through the internet versus an intranet. Certain intranet programs, if not optimized, can become quite resource intensive, which can in turn lead to system bottlenecks and cause delays in work flow, resulting in decreased productivity. Through the use of Performance Monitor it is possible to make adjustments to the resources being used in order to decrease the likelihood of, or alleviate the issues caused by, a system bottleneck. ______________________________________________________________________ Response 3: Anna: Good afternoon Anna, User Account Control (UAC), may seem slightly convoluted at first, however, it is actually a quite handy little security feature. Just because the user account may have administrator privileges does not mean that the applications themselves have those same admin privileges; as such if an admin user wants to set that application to have admin rights, they must go in and do so manually, in the properties of the executable itself. Alternately, they can right click on the executable file, if they do not want it to have those admin rights at all times, and select the â€Å"Run as Administrator† option to allow the .exe those rights for that specific instance. If they do not do so, and the application attempts to run as an administrator, a popup box comes up which states that the application is attempting to run as an administrator, and requests the user to confirm whether or not they wish to allow or deny this change. If UAC is configured to ask each and every time, it can get quite annoying, but, it does not cause the computer to be placed at risk. _____________________________________________________________________ Response 4: Catherine: Hi Catherine, User Account Control (UAC) is an administrator’s dream in a company setting. The sad truth of the matter is that many people still do not have basic computer knowledge, and by allowing them to have more access than they need for everyday tasks can very quickly turn into a headache, whether because someone wanted to see â€Å"what that button does† or whether they managed to go through and remove registry files, grant applications access that they hav e no reason to have, and so on. If not setup, you are correct, it completely negates the reason for the feature being put in place in the first place; however, if used properly, it can be a wonderful little tool that saves

World war 2 through the 1970's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

World war 2 through the 1970's - Research Paper Example There were several turning points in America through the 1970s. These were the points of time when a significant change occurred. They were also moments of decision. At this time, there were many changes taking place around the world. Millions were dead, and the United States had become a super power (Finkelman, 2005). A sweeping historical turning point during the Second World War through the 1970s was the Watergate scandal. This political scandal took place in 1972, in the United States. There was a break in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington DC at the Watergate office complex. At the time, Richard Nixon was the president and his administration attempted to cover up its involvement in the break in. During the investigation into the scandal, many things got found out. It became discovered that president Nixon was taping all the conversations in the white House. It was this tapes that when later they got handed over government investigators implicated the president to have got involved in the cover up. Money that also got found on the burglars got connected to a slush fund used by fundraising group for the re-election of the president. Nixon’s vice president Agnew also admitted to tax evasion. The scandal was a crucial turning point because it led Americans to have key mistrust within their leaders and thus begin to question their leadership skills. It had a vital political impact on politics because political leaders and everyone else are fully aware that no one is above the law. This is because this scandal led to the resignation of a United States president. In America today, there is closer examination of the procedures of the executive office by the public. It served as a civic lesson to the public. People began to pay keen attention to their leaders and started to question leaders in local and state offices. This scandal also asserted the judiciary’s power to bring justice and equality of opportunity. Another key historical turning point that occurred during the World War II through the 1970s was the civil rights movement. This was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law. It took place between 1950 and 1980 (Finkelman, 2005). It took the form of civil resistance and campaigns aimed at bringing change. In some places, it became accompanied by armed rebellion and civil unrest. In America, the social rights movements aimed at outlawing racial discrimination and restoring voting rights to blacks. These movements not only gave equality to African American’s but also women. This had a significant impact on America today as it eventually led to the first black president and women in politics are reaching for the glass ceiling. This movement in America ensured that today certain groups of people got allowed to hold the basic rights that are guaranteed in the constitution. African Americans and women have an equal opportunity to be wealthy and lead a good life. No oneâ€⠄¢s rights get limited by law in America today as previously was the case. This movement ensured that today there is equality of rights and opportunities in America (Finkelman, 2005). America in the late 1930s wanted to stay out of the European conflict that became the World War II. This was because World War I had ended just 15 years earlier, and it was still a fresh wound to many Americans. World War I killed people, cost money, damaged property and affected everyone who encountered it. Most of them believed that the lives lost in World War I were so many and it was not worth it. A majority of American population was opposed to any policy that could involve the United States in another bloody conflict. In the years after the world war I Americans had reached the conclusion that it had been a disastrous mistake to

Student discussions week 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Student discussions week 7 - Assignment Example Typically, in a larger company, most workstations are shared; in addition to this, many of those workstations are restarted between shifts, which in turn resolves many issues that may otherwise appear in regards to caching issues. ___________________________________________________________________ Response 2: Joshua Hi Joshua, It is my opinion that the answer you have provided is just the sort of thing this particular question was looking for. Windows 7 Performance Monitor may indeed track and monitor major bottlenecks or abnormalities on the system. This is something that is seen quite often on workstations in large organizations, especially ones that rely on the company network itself, like those that use VDI, as opposed to those that are setup as standalone stations that access company tools through the internet versus an intranet. Certain intranet programs, if not optimized, can become quite resource intensive, which can in turn lead to system bottlenecks and cause delays in work flow, resulting in decreased productivity. Through the use of Performance Monitor it is possible to make adjustments to the resources being used in order to decrease the likelihood of, or alleviate the issues caused by, a system bottleneck. ______________________________________________________________________ Response 3: Anna: Good afternoon Anna, User Account Control (UAC), may seem slightly convoluted at first, however, it is actually a quite handy little security feature. Just because the user account may have administrator privileges does not mean that the applications themselves have those same admin privileges; as such if an admin user wants to set that application to have admin rights, they must go in and do so manually, in the properties of the executable itself. Alternately, they can right click on the executable file, if they do not want it to have those admin rights at all times, and select the â€Å"Run as Administrator† option to allow the .exe those rights for that specific instance. If they do not do so, and the application attempts to run as an administrator, a popup box comes up which states that the application is attempting to run as an administrator, and requests the user to confirm whether or not they wish to allow or deny this change. If UAC is configured to ask each and every time, it can get quite annoying, but, it does not cause the computer to be placed at risk. _____________________________________________________________________ Response 4: Catherine: Hi Catherine, User Account Control (UAC) is an administrator’s dream in a company setting. The sad truth of the matter is that many people still do not have basic computer knowledge, and by allowing them to have more access than they need for everyday tasks can very quickly turn into a headache, whether because someone wanted to see â€Å"what that button does† or whether they managed to go through and remove registry files, grant applications access that they hav e no reason to have, and so on. If not setup, you are correct, it completely negates the reason for the feature being put in place in the first place; however, if used properly, it can be a wonderful little tool that saves

Rides Control Essay Example for Free

Rides Control Essay To establish a firm background for all these systems an efficient network had to be installed in order to ensure a fast and comprehensive method of linking all those users. The FDDI network on a token ring topology is used as our backbone (FDDI stands for Fibre-Distributed Data Interface) and this gives us the requirements we need for speed, distance and capacity. The nature of our business and the way the Park is spread over a large area, necessitates our using several methods of communication. E-mail is used increasingly: our current software is Microsoft exchange server 5. 5 and Outlook 98. It should help to cut down considerably on memos, forms, notice board information and bulky reports. This has the dual effect of saving paper, ink and printing costs and conserves environmental resources. E-mail address and website: www. thorpepark. co. uk. E-mail goes directly to The Tussauds Group Head Office, and via networks from there, to the other attractions in The Tussauds Group using an ISDN link (Integrated Services Digital Network). The main telephone switchboard is also ISDN. Voicemail is used to prevent unanswered calls, and an automated attendant kicks in on the rare occasion when our receptionists are unable to answer all the lines, and it automatically operates after office hours. Through a desktop interface we can monitor calls. This is an invaluable tool for analysis of calls, determining our busiest times of day and helping us to plan our casting resources accordingly. Some cast use mobile phones, particularly those whose work takes them away from the office. Nearly all our cast rely on radios to keep in touch with each other when they are spread about the Park which enables cast to be diverted to specific areas wherever and whenever necessary. Cast can relay information about queue lines on rides and alert security cast to any emergency situation. There are 8 channels all of which can contact, and be contacted by, the Control Room. If a Park-wide emergency situation should arise, cast in the control room can broadcast simultaneously to every radio holder in the Park. The main security system is CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) which uses infra red cameras throughout the Park, linked to 24 hour video recorders. Black and white and colour monitors in the Control Room can pan and zoom to any area. In this way cast response to a particular incident can be co-ordinated cast response to a particular problem. Our own security cast are on site 24 hours a day. In merchandising, sophisticated till systems are in use in all the shops and food outlets. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) is used for our products with barcode scanning facilities for the whole range of goods on sale. This is linked to the central stock control to monitor the movement of all our merchandise and food items from both our warehouses. This is essential for maintaining sell-by dates and to forecast sales accurately. EFTOS (Electronic Fund Transfer Point of Sale) is the system through which credit and switch cards are debited immediately and automatically through the national banking system. Any credit or switch cards used in the shops are attached to a polling machine. This is essentially a communications technique which determines when a terminal is ready to send data the banks own computer will check all its attached terminals on a regular basis. All of the ride attractions have computer control systems that are fed by mechanical levers and optical sensors. The rides, that are all mechanical, fall into three categories water, motor and track. The computer, through the use of optical sensors, detects the locking of safety bars and the speed and number of carriages passing. This information enables the operator to dictate how fast and how often the ride runs. Each ride has a very comprehensive range of fail-safe devices that are mechanical or electrical. There is video surveillance on each ride cameras are trained on the tracks and on the carriages. This helps us to detect any faults or potential problems. Software programmes are applications that are bought in from major manufacturers such as Microsoft, Oracle (database), Computer Associate (backup) and Network Associate (anti-virus). These can be specifically suited to a particular business function, such as Finance packages, which include wages and payroll systems, spreadsheets, etc. Other more sophisticated software, such as AutoCAD, may be necessary for our Engineers and the production team for our Entertainments Department. We primarily use Microsoft Office 97, which contains a comprehensive range of applications such as Word, Excel, Outlook, Access, PowerPoint. It is possible to customise our own databases for instance, we have one specifically written for our Guest Services Department, Charter 2000. This logs comments made by guests, produces a personalised reply, and collates information so that it can be reproduced in report form using a programme called Business Systems. It is currently used at Thorpe Park and Chessington with a planned introduction to the other Tussauds Group attractions in 2001. This information is confidential between the guest and the company. We are registered under the Data Protection Act to declare any information we may hold. The Tussauds Group Marketing Database on the other hand is common information shared by every attraction in the company. It helps us gather marketing information in order to improve our service. There is an electronic booking service for groups so that they can arrange their visit and tickets by phone, with a credit card. Individuals can make advanced bookings. This helps us to build up a profile of our guests and their requirements. The sales and admission system is called Omni Ticket Network. OTN have supplied all the hardware apart from the hard drives, VDU screens and key boards, which are standard hardware made by Compaq. The software used is called Overview. The Attractions General Database (AGD) has been designed by Syntegra, the Systems Integration Business of BT and is a component of the Sales and Admissions system. Its primary purpose is to provide a data repository for Sales, guests and admissions data and to provide tools to allow analysis of this imported data. A secondary function is to facilitate the exchange systems, and General Marketing Database (GMD), the external guest contact system. AGD configures all the information taken from Overview (information collected through Admissions on the tills each day) and turns it into reports for Finance and Marketing.

Why Smes Sometimes Face Difficulties In Raising Finance Finance Essay

Why Smes Sometimes Face Difficulties In Raising Finance Finance Essay Due to the establish of modern enterprise system and thoroughly in structural reforms of market economy, there are lot of opportunities contained in the market, but it is also existing many unexpected risks, particularly for the small to medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) which has limited resources to resist in this treacherous environment. To survive and adapts to the environment for a SME is to maintain its advantage in meticulous daily management and even more important is to have a long-term view strategic thinking especially in financial strategy. A good finance strategy can help SME to set up and expand their operations, development and also investment (OECD, 2006), further to get funds which make them competitively and can get well results they desired (Park, 2010). Making a finance strategy is very significant to a company; company has to consider both of internal condition and external environment problem and even more factors which are related to company. However, the SME has its particular characteristic, it is not suitable to adopt the same action with a large company; they better to create a strategy which fits to the company according to its demand. Finding a proper financial strategy for a developing SME, not only can help SME to reinforce its essence, the more important is the sustainability of its development. Define company There is no accurate definition for small to medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) and most of countries define it according to specific condition by their way. Nevertheless, there are some particular characteristics (Bank of England, 2001 Brookfield, 2001) about SMEs and they are: The enterprises are not quoted Ownership is often connected between family and shareholder and the business is typically restricted to few individuals. Most of SMEs are small groups business and always achieve self-employment effectively. In the past, the definition for SMEs from European Commission was unequivocal, it was defined by individual country, for instance, Germany regulated the amount of employee under 250 was part of SME, but in Belgium, the number was became 100. However, in the recent years, the data from European Commission shows that the definition has adjusted and is qualified as a SME by some criteria (see figure 1-1) (European Commission, 2010) in headcount, turnover and balance sheet total. definition of SME.JPG Figure 1-1 the definition of a small firm from European Commission Importance of finance Nowadays, the enterprises finance is facing a dynamic, diversification and complicated managing environment. Managing finance is not only to provide a specific method or device for a firm; it is to assimilate the principle and manner from strategic management. Start from the view of adapting to the environment and using the vantage, to pay much attention in financial long-term problem and strategic problem. In the situation of lacking of the resources for SME, to create a suitable financial strategic and well dominate the limited resource is significant since a better financial systems can help to improve the probability of successful innovation and bring accelerate economic growth. (King, et al., 1993) The focus of enterprises financial strategy is the basic path on future development, goal and goal accomplishment for the financial action; this is the difference between financial strategy and other strategies. The master objective of enterprises financial strategy is reasonably to assemble, dominate and use its resources, tend to balance and flow enterprises capital, also to build the core competitive strength and to achieve the maximization of enterprise value in the end. Some aspects of this goal are related/ connected to each other; from the view of a long-term performance, to seek the enterprises sustainability growth in financial resource and capability, and furthermore to accomplish the rising of enterprises capital value and make enterprises financial capability can sustained, quick and healthily increase, conduce to maintain and develop enterprises competitive advantage. While enterprise building the core competitive strength for their strategic management, they need the support from financial management. The financial management which treats capital management as a significant content, it needs to express the requirement for enterprises strategy and to guarantee its practice. The value of practicing the financial strategy is to retain a health condition in enterprises finance and also effectively in controlling the financial risk. There are twelve types of financing and growth in SMEs and it can be very usefully and provided a great help if it is supplied properly according to SMEs particular requirement (Brookfield, 2001). Initial owner financing (Equity finance) Business angel financing Trade credit Leasing Factoring Venture capital Short-term bank loans (Debt finance) Medium term bank loans Mezzanine finance Private placements Public equity Public debt A company should manage its financing structure in a way that its debt and equity are in balanced manner. This fact helps company to avoid insolvency. Excess of either debt or finance could result in loss of wealth. I will be explaining some of the important methods of financing in following section. Equity finance Equity financing is that the shareholder sells the part of corporate control to introduce the new shareholder by raising the capital (Watson, et al., 2007). The enterprise does not need to pay the interest on principal if the capital is received from equity financing and the new shareholder can share the profit from enterprise as well. Equity financing includes stock issuance, allotment and debt for equity swap. Some features of equity financing, are: Stock equity is firms first right of its property, it is the base for enterprise to absorb the civil liability and to responsibility for firms own profits and losses; furthermore, it is also the base for investor to control the enterprise and to distribute the profit. Equity financing is the base of deciding an enterprise to the outward debt. Certainly, there are some advantages of equity financing that help enterprise in investment and management. Equity financing builds a good system in corporate governance structure, which consists of shareholders meeting, board of directors, Board of supervisors and executives. It is effectively in decreasing the risk of management. In the modern finance theory, stock market is also called open market; it means that the standardization financial products are dealing in a trading area with an extensively institutionalization. It has its criterion and processes it in the condition of information revelation and fare dealing. In financial translation, the more important is publicity and availability of information; and that is why the stock market is better than loan market in both competitiveness of capital price and publicity of information. Venture capital Venture capital is the fund which is collected by private placement and set as the type of organization; invest to unlisted small and medium-sized newly emerging enterprises and in the capital type of both high risk and high reciprocation. Venture capital is different from mutual fund, unit trust and securities investment fund; it has its features in operating of investment and collection, such as, Venture capital absorbs the venture with enterprise; the venture capitalist needs to cooperate closely with entrepreneur and help the firm to make a plan. Management is part of investment. Venture capital is an investment in long-term and poor flowability; venture capitalist and entrepreneur become a common destiny once they invest. Venture capital is high risk and requires the venture capitalist with specialized skill, and need to achieve specialization and programmed in choosing the project, tend to avoid the risk. Before inspect the financial index, the venture capitalist pays more attention in market prospect, development strategy and managing quality. Sharing the bonus from enterprise is not the purpose of venture capital, they make it as a return by increasing the capital when they are exiting; the time for exiting is always when go on public or sell it. Debt finance Debt financing is also called bond financing, it is the way which the firm can raise money for enterprises external finance; and debt can also be conducted and fitted to the requirement of issuing companies and investors (Watson, et al., 2007). It is included long-term bank loans, short-term financing (such as bills, debt receivable, and letter of credit), enterprise Bond and short-term financial bonds, also long-term bond financing, finance lease, discount government loans, government loan, Loans from international financial organizations and private bond fund. The first expense enterprise needs to pay is the interest of capital which receives from debt financing and the principal on the debt will be paid to creditor at maturity (Davis, et al., 1994). The feature of purpose for debt financing is to solve the problem of deficiency in working capital rather than the expenditure under the capital account. Debt financing can be described by two features, The received capital from debt financing is only for using, it is not the property of the enterprise, and the firm needs to pay interest and the principal is repayable. Compare to equity financing, except some specific situations that debt financing may bring creditor the problem of intervention or controlling, otherwise it is barely to have the problem of corporate control. However, debt financing has its advantage for helping the firm in investment and management, The lenders have ability to collect and analyze the states of investment, also can have long-term investigate and oversee the enterprise to avoid the moral hazard. The function of the creditors right is when firm can pay off the debt, the firm will hold the corporate control, whereas of the enterprise cannot offer the debt, the corporate control will be turned to lender. Why do SMEs find financing a problem? Due to SMEs small size capital, the capability for defending the market risk is not as strong as a large firm, plus a faulty finance system, it causes the problem into SMEs finance management (Pissarides, 1999). The main reasons and problem are: No criterion in SMEs finance accounting system In application of finance system in SME exist some problems, which make loose financial control. A loose inventory control can lead to the stagnation of capital and excessive final inventory; the capital of final inventory always in a high proportion if compare to sale revenue. The firm usually loses a large number of assets due to focus on capital much more than assets and even wastes it seriously; moreover, to control the finished products, semi-manufactured goods and low-value expendable without a faultless system. It is negligent in managing the cash and weakness in debt receivable Some of enterprises think that it is good to hold cash (including bank deposit), and better to have more; the proportion of reserve is too high, it makes lot of capital cannot really run in operation, and also causes the capital idleness. In addition, some firms invest too much in real estate and lead to finance difficulty due to could not handle the emergent need of management. Also deficiency in managing working capital creates problems problem capital withdrawal. Difficulty in funding, the capital is insufficient It is not easy to run the SME in a practically environment, especially the unequal treatment in funding between SME and larger enterprise. The banks are not willing to loan to them, particularly the difficulty in guarantee and lack of the specialized agency to offer the assurance service is still the main problem for SME and it obviously happens in some huge investments. Unrestraint in investment The SME is lacking of the ability to analyze the investment accurately and to evaluate the effectiveness of operating the capital. The majority of investment in SME is from banking, due to the respectability of a SME is not as high as a large company, it is an obstacle in attracting the banking to invest or loan to the SME. The mode of management is backward Most of SME is running the business as a family workshop; they are operation the management in a backward way and an old-fashioned thinking way, do not understand and even not willing to understand or learn the modern financial management. The proprietor always treats the enterprise as an extension of familys property; in order to control the business entirely without decentralize the ownership, it causes the lost of the opportunities in growing. Conclusion SMEs play an important role in the general macroeconomic environment, and provide the enormous opportunities for employment. However, due to the small size and limited source, usually SMEs has to face to the challenge in financing problem. For solving the problem, the major impact is from government and the law (Industrial Systems Research). In existing policy has to be adjusted by government; the government needs to reinforce the related law and regulation to implement SMEs development strategy and preferential clause. Furthermore, have to set up the institution for managing and supporting SMEs development. To increase the method for financing; SMEs need to respect the debt from bank and to pay back the debt on time; then to healthy the internal system and raise the handling of material. Lastly, to improve accountants structure and criterion of financial management; enhance the punishment for the illegality to makes they pay attention in financial system.

Light in August by William Faulkner Essay -- Light August william Faul

Light in August by William Faulkner Light in August, a novel written by the well-known author, William Faulkner, can definitely be interpreted in many ways. However, one fairly obvious prospective is through a religious standpoint. It is difficult, nearly impossible, to construe Light in August without noting the Christian parallels. Faulkner gives us proof that a Christian symbolic interpretation is valid. Certain facts of these parallels are inescapable and there are many guideposts to this idea. For instance, there is Joe Christmas, one of the main characters in the novel. His initials are J.C., which can be an acronym for the name Jesus Christ. There is the fact of his uncertain paternity and his appearance at the orphanage on Christmas day, as well. Joe is approximately thirty-three years of age at his lynching; This event is prepared for throughout Light in August by Faulkner’s constant use of the word crucifixion. Also, there are many more convincing Christian symbolisms that seem to have lead readers to believe that William Faulkner arranged his events and directed his themes to parallel the twenty-one chapters of the St. John Gospel. These religious symbols, however, stray from the text of Light in August and seek to unify the novel through biblical allusions alone. They attempt to answer the questions of how Light in August functions as a work of literature by avoiding the novel itself. Because of this, they each fall short of being an exact interpretation of the novel. Still, the Christian parallels cannot be ignored and must function for some firm purpose in this novel. If Light in August has enough surfaces corresponding to warrant the claim of a direct parallel in both theme and action to the Gospel of John, then where is the crucifix, the most important symbol of Christianity? This significant tool should be in a book with such religious relevance. The important symbol was not left out, however; they were only distorted to a degree. Faulkner may have been giving a clue to the way in which he distorted the crucifix. For example, wood imagery is relevant in this case. There are several wood mills: Doane’s Mill, and then the planing mill in Jefferson. Lena asks Byron Bunch, â€Å"Is there another planing mill?† Byron replies, â€Å"No, ma’am. There are some sawmills, a right smart of them, though†. Faulkner may have been alerting his audie... ...not been a part of Christmas’ â€Å"wooden world†, now rides with a furniture repairman. Typically, Lena’s narration does not call attention to poles or posts of any kind. It is only after Christmas is dead that Lena notices the cross-like images. This would seem to suggest not only that she is perhaps a Virgin Mary figure carrying a Christ figure inside her, but also that she herself is the resurrect â€Å"life† after Christ’s (Christmas’) crucifixion. It seems highly possible in a novel that distorts the Crucifix that the process of Christ’s death and resurrection could also be distorted. Ironically, however, Lena exists at the same time with Christmas, but never meets him because within the context of the New Testament, resurrection comes only after death. In turn, Lena and Christmas never meet because it would be illogical for the Virgin Mary figure to meet her baby while she is carrying her baby. All of these characters’ narrations, which can appear incoherent, are, connected through the distorted image of the wooden cross. The posts and other symbols link Christmas and the Testaments together. Light in August functions as a fluid novel though structured distortion of the Gospels. Light in August by William Faulkner Essay -- Light August william Faul Light in August by William Faulkner Light in August, a novel written by the well-known author, William Faulkner, can definitely be interpreted in many ways. However, one fairly obvious prospective is through a religious standpoint. It is difficult, nearly impossible, to construe Light in August without noting the Christian parallels. Faulkner gives us proof that a Christian symbolic interpretation is valid. Certain facts of these parallels are inescapable and there are many guideposts to this idea. For instance, there is Joe Christmas, one of the main characters in the novel. His initials are J.C., which can be an acronym for the name Jesus Christ. There is the fact of his uncertain paternity and his appearance at the orphanage on Christmas day, as well. Joe is approximately thirty-three years of age at his lynching; This event is prepared for throughout Light in August by Faulkner’s constant use of the word crucifixion. Also, there are many more convincing Christian symbolisms that seem to have lead readers to believe that William Faulkner arranged his events and directed his themes to parallel the twenty-one chapters of the St. John Gospel. These religious symbols, however, stray from the text of Light in August and seek to unify the novel through biblical allusions alone. They attempt to answer the questions of how Light in August functions as a work of literature by avoiding the novel itself. Because of this, they each fall short of being an exact interpretation of the novel. Still, the Christian parallels cannot be ignored and must function for some firm purpose in this novel. If Light in August has enough surfaces corresponding to warrant the claim of a direct parallel in both theme and action to the Gospel of John, then where is the crucifix, the most important symbol of Christianity? This significant tool should be in a book with such religious relevance. The important symbol was not left out, however; they were only distorted to a degree. Faulkner may have been giving a clue to the way in which he distorted the crucifix. For example, wood imagery is relevant in this case. There are several wood mills: Doane’s Mill, and then the planing mill in Jefferson. Lena asks Byron Bunch, â€Å"Is there another planing mill?† Byron replies, â€Å"No, ma’am. There are some sawmills, a right smart of them, though†. Faulkner may have been alerting his audie... ...not been a part of Christmas’ â€Å"wooden world†, now rides with a furniture repairman. Typically, Lena’s narration does not call attention to poles or posts of any kind. It is only after Christmas is dead that Lena notices the cross-like images. This would seem to suggest not only that she is perhaps a Virgin Mary figure carrying a Christ figure inside her, but also that she herself is the resurrect â€Å"life† after Christ’s (Christmas’) crucifixion. It seems highly possible in a novel that distorts the Crucifix that the process of Christ’s death and resurrection could also be distorted. Ironically, however, Lena exists at the same time with Christmas, but never meets him because within the context of the New Testament, resurrection comes only after death. In turn, Lena and Christmas never meet because it would be illogical for the Virgin Mary figure to meet her baby while she is carrying her baby. All of these characters’ narrations, which can appear incoherent, are, connected through the distorted image of the wooden cross. The posts and other symbols link Christmas and the Testaments together. Light in August functions as a fluid novel though structured distortion of the Gospels.

Optimization of Ritalin for more Effective Results Essay -- Methylphen

Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Optimization Ritalin Pills Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the dominating psychiatric disorder found in children. The creation of the drug Ritalin based on the molecule Methylphenidate in the early 90’s sparked a widespread use of this psycho stimulant, which still remains as one of the most popular drugs used to counteract the symptoms of ADHD. My ultimate goal in this research project is to design analogs for the drug Ritalin in the hopes of discovering a more effective version of this medication. Through research, it can be concluded that none the analogs suggested are suitable candidates for new drugs based on the results. Introduction: With 3-5 percent of school children today diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD has been reported to account for 50 percent of the child psychiatric population seen at the clinic. Methylphenidate (figure 1) serves as the dominant drug used in medications counteracting the symptoms of ADHD. (1) Among those medications, Ritalin is currently prescribed for daily use to 1.5 million school children in the United States, making it one of the most widely used prescription medications today. (2) The optimization of Ritalin is of utmost importance and will therefore, be the topic of this project. Scientists believe that ADHD is caused by an imbalance between dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. However, this theory remains questionable due to an insufficient amount of evidence. Methylphenidate’s mechanism of action, Fig. 1: Methylphenidate Molecular Structure which is based on dopamine synaptic uptake inhibition, essentially allows it to binds to ... ... Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (1997) 29 July 2008 2) Ritalin: Fast Facts. Do It Now Foundation. 29 July 2008. figure 1: United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 28 2008. figure 2: Medscape. July 28 2008. title picture: Wikimedia. July 28 2008. figure 4: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. figure 5: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. %28primary%29-skeletal.png> figure 8: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. svg> Optimization of Ritalin for more Effective Results Essay -- Methylphen Ritalin (Methylphenidate) Optimization Ritalin Pills Abstract: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is currently the dominating psychiatric disorder found in children. The creation of the drug Ritalin based on the molecule Methylphenidate in the early 90’s sparked a widespread use of this psycho stimulant, which still remains as one of the most popular drugs used to counteract the symptoms of ADHD. My ultimate goal in this research project is to design analogs for the drug Ritalin in the hopes of discovering a more effective version of this medication. Through research, it can be concluded that none the analogs suggested are suitable candidates for new drugs based on the results. Introduction: With 3-5 percent of school children today diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD has been reported to account for 50 percent of the child psychiatric population seen at the clinic. Methylphenidate (figure 1) serves as the dominant drug used in medications counteracting the symptoms of ADHD. (1) Among those medications, Ritalin is currently prescribed for daily use to 1.5 million school children in the United States, making it one of the most widely used prescription medications today. (2) The optimization of Ritalin is of utmost importance and will therefore, be the topic of this project. Scientists believe that ADHD is caused by an imbalance between dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. However, this theory remains questionable due to an insufficient amount of evidence. Methylphenidate’s mechanism of action, Fig. 1: Methylphenidate Molecular Structure which is based on dopamine synaptic uptake inhibition, essentially allows it to binds to ... ... Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (1997) 29 July 2008 2) Ritalin: Fast Facts. Do It Now Foundation. 29 July 2008. figure 1: United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 28 2008. figure 2: Medscape. July 28 2008. title picture: Wikimedia. July 28 2008. figure 4: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. figure 5: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. %28primary%29-skeletal.png> figure 8: Wikipedia. July 28 2008. svg>

Patient-Centered Care and Comminication in Critical Care Essay

Introduction Communication is a key component in nursing care. As nurses we must communicate with our patient’s, patients’ families, and a wide variety of healthcare team members. Communication can be vital to patient’s lives, informative to physicians, and calming or educational to families. The communication method, or theme, that a nurse uses as part of her care can positively, or negatively, affect every aspect of patient care. Communication plays a huge role in the way I care for patients and their families. Without positive, supportive communication I would have a very difficult time building a trusting relationship with my patients. My nursing career goal is to one day become a critical care nurse. I chose this article to further educate myself about affective communication and how I can apply this knowledge in a critical care setting. As a nurse working in the Intensive Care Unit, communication has a critical role in patient-centered care. The objective of this study was to perform a qualitative analysis of nurses’ communication behaviors to develop interventions that will improve patient-centered communication in the critical care setting. The theoretical model of patient-centered care contains five domains. The five domains include: the biopsychosocial perspective; the patient-as-person; sharing power and responsibility; the therapeutic alliance; and the clinician-as-person domain. During the course of this study communication interactions between nurses’, patients, and patients families were analyzed and placed into one of the five domains. Interviews with the nursing staff were also analyzed to identify specific themes in nurses’ roles and their preferences for communicating with patients and families. The data collected for this study contained a combination of interviews, direct observations within the ICU, family conferences, and informal conversations that took place between a patient’s family member and healthcare providers. Summary Analysis of the collected data found that the majority of nurses’ involved in  the study communicated most often in the biopsychosocial, patient-as-person, and clinician-as-person domains. The biopsychosocial domain focuses mainly on information exchange. A majority of the nursing communication interactions observed were in this domain. Communication between the nurse, the patient, and the patients family were often related to life-sustaining interventions, however, the implications as to why these interventions were necessary was never directly addressed. Many communication behaviors also fell into the patient-as-person domain. Within this domain the nurse seeks to understand a patient’s personality outside of their illness. Non-verbal communication behaviors were frequently noted in this domain. The clinician-as-person domain involves interactions between the nurse and other clinicians, most often a physician, and recognizing one’s own emotional response to a particular patient and the situation. In the two remaining domains, it was noted that the participating nurses’ generally refrained from communication in these areas. Sharing power and responsibility includes the active involvement of a patient, or family member in treatment decisions and forming an agreement about the plan of care. The therapeutic alliance domain includes a clinician that is involved with learning the patient’s desires and then working together alongside the patient to agree on a plan of care. A majority of the nurses’ interviewed agreed upon the importance of these two domains, they felt that it was not a part of their nursing role. Instead they regarded that the shared power and therapeutic alliance domains should be fulfilled by a physician. Once the communication behaviors were analyzed and placed into one of the patient-centered care domains, further evaluations were done to understand any reasoning as to why nurses chose to communicate more in certain domains and less in others. During the evaluation of nurses’ roles in communication two themes were discovered. These themes tended to guide nursing communication behaviors based on their perspective of a nurse’s role within the patient-centered care domains. In the first theme nurses’ felt their role was to act as translator between the physicians, the patients, and the patients’ families. As a translator, nurses’ are able to clarify the overall plan of care for patients and the patient’s family members that may have been missed or misunderstood. It was also recognized that nurses’ sometimes acted as only one-way translators. This involved reporting patient information to the  physician only. The nurses’ felt it was not their role to translate any critical health changes, or any misunderstandings that a patient, or a patient’s family member may have about critical life procedures. Nurses’ felt that it was the physicians’ role to fulfill those duties. The second theme involved topics that nurses were willing to discuss wit h patients and the patient’s family, as well as topics they refused to discuss with them. The said verses not said theme tends to overlap with the translator theme. Once again, nurses’ did not feel that communicating bad news to a patient or the patient’s family was not their role but the physician’s role instead. Within this theme nurses’ often rarely shared their opinions to patients or the family when it differed from that of the physician. At other times nurses’ often conferred, or shared their opinions with other healthcare providers for any corroboration before they spoke with a patient or the patient’s family. During the nurses’ interviews, physicians were often referred to as the primary decision makers in patient care and that their role was to support and carry out the consequences of those decisions. Application As healthcare providers try to accomplish more in less time these days, the relationship between patients and patient’s families suffer. Miscommunication, false understandings and failed patient relationships can all lead to poor outcomes. Patient-centered care involves treating patients as partners, involving them in decision making, and helping them feel a sense of responsibility in managing their care all while respecting their individual values and concerns. Nurses are usually the first healthcare providers to develop a trusting relationship with a patient and a patient’s family. Nurses’ are quick to discover a patient’s personality, beliefs and values, as well as their family dynamics. Interdisciplinary communication between physicians and nurses needs to be improved. By emphasizing shared decision making and interpersonal communication between nurses and physicians patient outcomes will improve. Two ways that nurses’ can enhance interdisciplin ary communication is by maintaining the use of the SBAR communication tool. This ensures that messages are organized and clear for the physician. Secondly, the nurse and physician should discuss the plan of care together before speaking with the patient or the patient’s family. The  nurse may have more insight into the background, values, and wishes of the patient that may affect the plan of care. This intervention directly targets the said verses not said theme and involves the nurse in the shared decision domain. As a nurse on a critical care unit, it would be extremely beneficial to learn and explore what specifically the nurse role is in regards to communication and information that can be shared. Is the nurse able to participate in the shared power and responsibility or the therapeutic alliance domains, or is it truly defined as the role of a physician? As a nurse on the critical care unit, I would seek clarification as to what my role is in regards to communicating with the patient and the patient’s family. I would also maintain the use of SBAR as part of my communication techniques and work on developing a trusting relationship with a wide variety of physicians. Effective communication is an important aspect of all nurse-patient interactions. It wasn’t until recent that nursing communication and its effect on patient-centered care began to be studied. Nursing communication interactions between the patient and the patient’s family highly contributes to patient-centered care and outcomes. By continuing to study nursing communication behaviors and interactions, interventions to improve patient-centered care can further be determined and implemented into practice. References BIBLIOGRAPHY Slatore, C., Hansen, L., Ganzini, L., Press, N., Osborne, M., Chesnutt, M., & Mularski, R. (2012). COMMUNICATION BY NURSES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DOMAINS OF PATIENT-CENTERED CARE. American Journal Of Critical Care, 21(6), 410-418.

Long Term and Short Term Cause of World War 1 Essay

There was no particular cause for the rash of the First World War. The causes are much more complex than those of the Second World War and include short, intermediate and long term factors that all ended to cause the July Days in 1914. These factors include militarism, nationalism, imperialism, the alliance system, and industrialization as the long term causes. The intermediate causes included the crises in the Balkans and the short-term trigger for the war was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand in the Sarajevo, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary. Militarism in the 19th and early 20th centuries involving the great powers of Europe was definitely important issue in the beginning of World War 1. Militarism means that the army and military powers are given a high profile by the government. More money was put into the military to increase arms and power of each country. This made each country ready and willing to fight one another. This build up and competition between the major powers developed into the arms race, which for many years put up looseness between Britain and Germany An alliance is an agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed. . If any one country was attacked the other members of the alliance was repeatedly forced into the war as well, even if they did not want to fight. When an alliance is signed, those countries become known as Allies. A number of alliances had been signed by countries between the years 1879 and 1914. These were important because they meant that some countries had no choice but to declare war if one of their allies. For example: in 1879 Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia.