John F. Kennedy - The 35th President of America - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 958 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/05 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: John F Kennedy Essay Did you like this example? John F. Kennedy is the thirty-fifth president and was also an active advocate of civil rights in America. As one of the presidents in the U.S. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "John F. Kennedy The 35th President of America" essay for you Create order history have been assassinated, John F. Kennedy is well known for many events such as Cuban Missile Crisis, the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, the Alliance for Progress and his own assassination. After President Kennedys assassination on November 22, 1963, Dallas people have faced troubles while traveling around the country for many years. Sometimes, because of their origin, people denied to service them. The book Dallas 1963 written by Bill Minutaglio and Steven L. Davis a mesmerizing piece of work about all the problems that go around that times. I will examine eight points based on the book Dallas 1963. Dallas, Texas was founded in 1841 has become one of the largest metropolitan areas in the Southern United States. However, back in the 1960s, Dallas is not as open as it is today. During this time, Dallas was full of racism and there are many combining angry forces in Dallas and throughout the South. The authorities such as governors, senators, even the mayors still rally to resist many things: the revolutionary integration edicts ordered by federal government, by the Supreme Court, by political forces in the North, and so on. Almost Dallas people are innocent and a bit of nave, hopeful, and ill-informed. They are looking for someone or something that will give them a purpose of life. The leadership in Dallas fear communism, civil rights, and particularly John F. Kennedy. Because to most of them, President Kennedy was viewed as a danger in the Southern of United States, not because he was potentially soft on communism but because of the civil rights issue. Most of Southerners in 1963 still belonged to Democratic Party. Therefore, the Dallas people in the opposition of President Kennedy. In fact, contradicted feelings toward him in Dallas and among southern white people generally. Martin Luther King was born and raised in an activist family. Therefore, his view about the society has a great influence from them. By 1960, the Civil Rights Movement had obtained strong momentum thorough the South. Martin Luther King Jr. employed nonviolent measures which helped African American activists win supporters across the country and throughout the world. Because the leadership in Dallas want to keep the same way as it was. They dont want equal between white and black men. They want more inferior the black people and MLK was stopping it from happening. He demands for equal rights between American people without distinguish their race or the color of their skin. Martin Luther King dedicated his life to make it easier for his people and many others, and he died because of that effort. As Holocaust survivors who immigrated to the United States after the war, many people in indignant about discrimination in this country. The sting of personal discrimination parallels disgust with segregation and institutionalized racism in the United States and motivates many people to work to end it. Some of them participated the Civil Rights movement, influenced by the fresh wound of the Holocaust, earlier pogroms, and everyday discrimination. Holocaust survivors fear the direction that Dallas was taking because Dallas in the position of hated and discriminate the holocaust. Dallas has many peculiar personalities that attracted many people. During the 1950s and 1960s, Dallas became one of the third largest technology centers. Which grew into the Dallas Market, the largest wholesale trade complex in the world. It is the place of job opportunities and evolution, especially in the metro industry. Dallas was also the top job generator in the country. There were about three hundred thousand people from different states that migrated here every year. The President described his visit to Dallas as a visit to the nut country. The President was aware of the people in Dallas and its leadership and in particular the hostility that they harbored against him. He knew that they were capable of anything given the fact that the city was taking a direction that was so different from the rest of the country. The city was also corrupt and divided and to a point referring to it as nut country was rather accurate as it denoted crazy. Crazy Town would be a perfect respond for Kennedys saying. It would be accurate to state that Dallas was indeed responsible for the assassination of President John F Kennedy. The president was shot in Dallas by Lee Harvey Oswald but the city in itself was so poisonous and resentful against the president that collectively it can be stated that it was responsible for the assassination. Societal attitudes in Dallas back in the 1960s is the opposition of Kennedys presidency. Because he supported the Civil Rights movement alongside with Martin Luther King. Dallas, Texas has always been a conservative city and was against the Civil Rights movement. They show their hated and protest against the Civil Rights movement. In the 1960s, we start to see it shift towards being a progressive and desegregated area. Time changes, societal attitudes also change. Dallas is not as it used to be anymore. The people became more and more innovative thinkers than ever before. Not only in Dallas but also in the United States as well. Dallas has made a start and there is a challenge to keep moving forward. In conclusion, there are many reasons and theories that go around President Kennedys assassination and why Dallas dislike him so much. Based on the book Dallas 1963, eight points of view that are presented explain those reasons. Overall, President John F. Kennedy is a man that mean to be respected not only for his legacy but what his doing to make every American people live in equally and independently in society.

Who Is Like A Treasure Hunt - 1170 Words

â€Å"Each day is like a treasure hunt†. James Baldwin in his story â€Å"Stranger in the villages† contrasts his experience as a black man in the village with his experience as a black man in the United States. During his journey, he faces with the odd reaction of the villagers as a stranger. Plato, The Allegory of the cave illustrates some prisoners that are chained in the cave and they could just see the wall in front of them that people are walking there. They wouldn’t able to turn their head and look around. Jumpa Lahiri in her story â€Å"This Blessed House† describes a newlywed, Twinkle and Sanjeev, that are moving into a new house. They find Christian icons everywhere. Twinkle tends to keep all the religious icons, which is related to the first owner of the home, but her husband is trying to get rid of these things. He thinks that all statutes and signs are hollow beliefs because they are not Christian. The story depicts the lack of true perception and the history keeps individuals to understand the nature of reality beyond the appearance. James Baldwin in â€Å"Stranger in a village Analysis† describes that the villagers just focus on his appearance. Baldwin describes a small town in Switzerland that he visits and faces with different attitudes in comparison with America. He feels like a stranger. When he arrives in the small Swiss village, all the villagers are shocked to see him. They look at him like an animal. The story pictures how the villagers would touch his hair and how theyShow MoreRelatedTreasures of Geocaching1564 Words   |  7 Pagesfor our outing with my sister-in-law Shelly and her husband James, who were visiting from Kansas City. I must admit, I was a little skeptical about the thought of treasure hunting. James informed me that all we needed was a free membership with the website geocaching.com, and a hand held GPS unit or a GPS enabled smart phone. We then created an account and decided on a profi le name. We were now ready to see what this treasure hunt was all about. We soon discovered it was a technology-driven game ofRead MoreThe Mystery of Oak Island700 Words   |  3 Pagesfinding a mystery that involves many deaths, unknown treasures and much speculation. Mysteries are intriguing and finding a real life mystery that has been unsolved in history for several hundred years is unusual. Throughout time millions of people have been interested in treasures, legends and unsolved mysteries. Books, movies and legends are filled with such tales. Six deaths, millions of dollars, insanity, depravation, obsession, treasure and intrigue, are words that describe the mystery ofRead MoreThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain Essay659 Words   |  3 PagesTwains, The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer, is a story told from the eyes of the young Tom Sawyer. The story takes place in the small rustic town of St. Petersburg Missouri. Tom Sawyer is the main character of the book. Tom is an imaginative young man who always seems to be getting into trouble. Tom is very adventurous, he never passes up a chance to play pirates, robbers, or soldiers. This book has multiple themes but the most important is knowing when its right to talk and tell the truth and whenRead MoreCOSTCO1147 Words   |  5 Pagesstrong within its pricing, product selection, and treasure-hunt merchandising. This strategy is key to the success of Costco’s. We can tell by examining a summary of the company’s financial and operating reports that between the years of 2000 through 2006, the net sales and the net revenue of the company was in a steady increase. We have learned that a strategy is only as good as it appeals to its target market. Costco’s have clearly identified who their customers are and designed its strategy toRead MoreEarly Childhood Activites To Improve Attention of Preschoolers778 Words   |  4 Pageshear stories. Read to them loudly for four or five minutes. Carefully choose stories which can arouse interest in the minds of preschooler, so that he/she should insist on hearing the rest of the story. Small pictorial stories about natural phenomenon like rain, solar system, funny detective stories and animal stories can be used. Read continuously for a few minutes, carefully stop at that point where preschooler’s inquisitiveness will be aroused and then give them some time to relax. Wait till theyRead MoreEssay about treasure island521 Words   |  3 Pages Treasure Island By Robert Louis Stevenson The main character in the story is Jim Hawkins. He is a young boy who looks for adventure. He and a few experienced men search for Ben Gunn, and want to have him enlist in their cause. They steal the Hispanolia (a ship) and return it to the captain to which it rightfully belongs. Ben is a member of Flint’s original crew. He was forced to live on the island for three years and survive on his own. He found Flint’s treasure, and then buried it. Trying toRead MoreProduct Description Of A New Service1603 Words   |  7 Pagesreason people choose not to buy their clothes online: they can not try it on before they purchase. We at Fitting Room, by upgrading TJX’s online retail service will be creating a platform that allows people to both get suggestions for clothes they might like if they tried them on and to actually try them on, all in the comfort of their own home. In doing this, we have brought a revolutionary new service to the doorsteps of TJX and their customers, with the potential of exponentially increasing TJX’s marketRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Characters in Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?, Homers Iliad and Odyssey and The Alchemist765 Words   |  3 Pagesirrespective of the time period of the geographical There are numer ous examples of these archetypes in recent mythologically based stories. We have the Jedi Knights in Star Wars; the treasure varies from movie to movie; Harry Potter, Frodo Baggins, and many more. Two other examples of this are the hunt for the treasure in the movie Oh Brother For Art Thou, a modern retelling of Homers Iliad and Odyssey, and the Paulo Coelho 1988 novel The Alchemist. Similar in many ways, dissimilar in age, speciesRead MoreRichard IIi : Transformative Task1510 Words   |  7 PagesRichard III: Transformative task Note for parents For the parent/s of the child who now owns Richard III: a children’s novel. I decided to convert Shakespeare’s Richard III into a children’s book due to how much Shakespeare’s Richard intrigues me and the moral lessons that I believe a child can learn from his story. In Shakespeare’s play, Richard is portrayed as a Machiavel, he is unapologetically manipulative yet a smooth-talker with a sense of humour. This combination of characteristics, alongRead MoreThe Monuments Men: Critical Book Review Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages leaders, political parties, heroes, and turmoil of this period; however, important events that often were overshadowed are slowly becoming forgotten and neglected. Robert Edsel, in his book The Monuments Men, tells the story of the â€Å"greatest treasure hunt in history† and the race to sa The Monuments Men is set during World War II, but primarily focuses on the Monuments Men and their activities from June 1944 to May 1945 (Edsel xv). The plot follows eight Monuments Men- Major Ronald Balfour, Private

Writing an Inquiry Response Business Letter

This guide to responding to inquiry letters is written especially for English language learners. It covers standard structure and phrases used in responses. Inquiries arrive in order to ask for more information about a product or a service. The speed with which you reply, as well as how helpful you are in providing information requested will ensure that your inquiry response is successful. It is very important to make a good impression when responding to inquiries from potential customers. Of course, the best impression will be made by providing the materials or information that the prospective client has asked for, this positive impression will be improved by a well-written response. Business Letter Basics The  basics of business letter writing  are similar for each type of business letter. Remember to place your or your companys address at the top of the letter (or use your companys letterhead), followed by the address of the company you are writing to. The date can either be placed double spaced down or to the right. You can also include a reference number for correspondence. For further types of business letters, use this guide to different types of business letters to refine your skills for specific business purposes such as making inquiries, adjusting claims, writing cover letters, and more. Important Language to Remember The StartDear Mr, Ms (Mrs, Miss—its very important to use Ms for women unless asked to use Mrs or Miss)Thanking the Potential Customer for His/Her InterestThank you for your letter of... inquiring (asking for information) about...We would like to thank you for your letter of... inquiring (asking for information) about...Providing Requested MaterialsWe are pleased to enclose...Enclosed you will find...We enclose...Providing Additional InformationWe would also like to inform you...Regarding your question about...In answer to your question (inquiry) about...Closing a Letter Hoping for Future BusinessWe look forward to... hearing from you / receiving your order / welcoming you as our client (customer).SignatureYours sincerely (remember use Yours faithfully when you dont know the name of the person you are writing and Yours sincerely when you do. Example Jackson Brothers3487 23rd StreetNew York, NY 12009Kenneth BeareAdministrative DirectorEnglish Learners Company2520 Visita AvenueOlympia, WA 98501September 12, 2000Dear Mr. BeareThank you for your inquiry of 12 September asking for the latest edition of our catalog.We are pleased to enclose our latest brochure. We would also like to inform you that it is possible to make purchases online at jacksonbros.com.We look forward to welcoming you as our customer.Yours sincerely(Signature)Dennis JacksonMarketing DirectorJackson Brothers

Imagery And Symbolism Buried Deep Within `` The Love Song...

Imagery and Symbolism Buried Deep Within â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† In The Love Song by T.S. Eliot, the imagery and symbolism that are shown have a deeper meaning than one may realize. At the beginning of the poem, Eliot uses an epigraph from Dante’s Inferno, which ultimately can be taken as Prufrock referring to how his self-doubt and 1over thinking are a living hell for him. Throughout the poem, Prufrock is in a daydream state of mind, until the very end when someone brings him back to reality and he drowns. In The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, T.S. Eliot exposes Prufrock’s insecurities and feelings in a way that he could not have done himself by adding meanings and hidden symbolism throughout the entire poem. There is a line that is used quite a bit in this poem which reads â€Å"In the room, women come and go, talking of Michelangelo. (Eliot 13-14) This is interrupted as Prufrock being at a social gathering, such as a tea party. The use of the word Michelangelo is used to describe how the event is most likely one of scholarly presence where the guests are discussing famous artists. Prufrock does not fit in with this crowd, as read in these lines â€Å"And indeed there will be time, to wonder, â€Å"Do I dare?† and, â€Å"Do I dare?† time to turn back and descend the stair, with a bald spot in the middle of my hair (They will say â€Å"How his hair is growing thin!†)† (Eliot 37-40) These lines reveal a man who is fearful and insecure about his situation, he wonders if he should

Italian Migrants to Australia Free Essays

History Assignment- Extended Response Describe the experiences of the Italian migrants from their arrival after WW2, through to the multicultural period in the 1970s The experiences of the Italian Migrants have changed from the time of their arrival after WW2 to the present day. The Italian migrants were forced to leave Italy after the war due to the fact that many of them were displaced as a result of sheer destruction that some areas had undergone. What was once a home, was now no more than a pile of rubbish. We will write a custom essay sample on Italian Migrants to Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, with many loved ones dead, leaving and making a new start was very tempting. When they first arrived in Australia, the Italians experienced considerable cultural shock. They found that Australia was insensitive to their culture and traditions and therefore expected them to change. The Italians were mainly like the â€Å"black sheep† of the population. The feud between the Italian migrants and the Australians got to a point were the Italians had to go out in groups in fear for their own safety. It also appeared that the Australian government was not well prepared to accept them. However, after their work on the Snowy Mountains Scheme and other enterprises, life changed for the better. The Italians overcame the resentment and social isolation to achieve a better future for themselves and their children. Australia was a country for white people. The migrants had to be white and from the British Isles of English speaking parts of the empire. However, after the bombing attack, Australia realised that their population was not big enough to defend itself and therefore, they must â€Å"Populate or perish†. Immigration was the only answer. On the border of Australia, the Italians had to pass a medical examination and if they passed they were allowed to live in Australia. If not, they were sent back. However, by this time Australia was 99%(most of the population being british) white, and the Australian public wanted to keep it that way. The Australian population reacted badly to the Italians and the minister was attacked by vicious criticism. When the Italians arrived in Australia, they were confronted with new and unfamiliar things, and were expected to change to match the â€Å"Australian way†. This was known as the policy of assimilation; think white act white. The Italians were allowed to migrate to Australia only if they left all their customs and traditions behind and lived the Australian way. Shortly after this was replaced by the policy of Integration. This policy allowed the Italians to practice their traditions and culture in the privacy of their own home, but still had to act Australian in public. Culturally based organisations were formed to help provide welfare and support for migrants. When the Italian migrants began to look for work, they had to travel to find jobs. The Italian Prisoners of War were barely seen as a danger and often worked on farms without guards. Most of the early Italian migrants were unskilled and came from the poorer parts of Italy. Even those who did have skills, their qualifications were not recognised in Australia. As a result the Italians were forced to do tough, labouring work. One of the huge employment schemes such as the ‘Snowy Mountain Scheme’ contributed greatly to the multiculturalism of Australia. The work was hard and the conditions were tough however the Italians were attracted by the relatively high wages. Due to ninety-eight percent of the project being underground, there was a lot of tunneling, often through solid granite rock. Work conditions in the tunnels were dirty, wet, noisy, smelly and sometimes dangerous. More than 120 workers died in the projects twenty-five year period. Even though work was difficult and sometimes dangerous, it developed, on its workers, a sense of community and companionship. The ‘Snowy Mountains Scheme’ was the first real experience of multiculturalism in Australia. It gave the chance for people from many countries around the world to communicate, accept and understand the culture and background of others without judging. It also encouraged all these people to work together as a team and put aside all their differences as there was no room for racial prejudice. Multiculturalism accepts the notion that Australia is a nation of many different cultures but that, as Australians, we all live together as one people. The policy of multiculturalism was introduced by the 21st Prime Minister of Australia, Gough Whitlam. The Whitlam government keenly supported multiculturalism. Grants were made to ethnic organisations to promote their culture. Legislation was introduced to end discrimination and it was now illegal to discriminate people on the basis of their racial background. Some Australians did not want to see the British culture be diluted by other cultures. They had a fear of ‘invasion’ and that the Italians would take jobs from existing Australians. However, a majority of Australians were open minded to the new policy and began to look at the Italians form another perspective. Overall the experiences of the Italian migrants when they first arrived in Australia were difficult. They felt very much out of place and little was done to help them. They were not part of the Australian community. However their involvement in areas like the Snowy Mountains Scheme played an important part in helping the Italians because it gave them a decent wage, and also because it allowed them to work and bond alongside people of other races which made them work as a community and helped racism to greatly minimise. Italians nowadays have had a great impact on Australia. Italian migrants have made an enormous contribution to cultural and economical life. They introduced new foods and ingredients and their restaurants continue to be very popular. Their music is continued to be enjoyed by many Australians. Their contribution to building and construction is crucial. The italian migrants have made an economical effect on Australia by creating employment be opening large and small businesses. Also, they have had a large contribution in incorporating Italian teachings into the school curriculum. How to cite Italian Migrants to Australia, Papers

A Brief Analysis on Ronald Dwo... free essay sample

A Brief Analysis on Ronald Dworkins Theory of RightsAccording to Ronald Dworkin, the fundamental distinction within political theory is between arguments of principle and arguments of policy. Arguments of principle are arguments intended to establish an individual right, while arguments of policy are arguments intended to establish a collective goal. (Regan, 1978) Under this hypothesis, Dworkin emphasized the significance of individual rights which was further developed a kind of precedence in his work Rights as Trumps: Rights are best understood as trumps over some background justification for political decisions that states a goal of the community as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Analysis on Ronald Dwo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Dworkin, 1984, p. 153) This endowed individual rights with the priority to override the communitys goal because once an individuals gains a certain right, the behavior and individual liberty protected by the right should be defended even against the goals of the community or the state. Therefore, from Dworkins perspective, the government is forbidden to trade individual rights for well-being on a collective sense, which has been highly advocated by the Utilitarianism theories, such as Jeremy Benthams Greatest Happiness Principle that warns individual against pursing his own happiness that may lead to greater pain for a society as a whole.However, treating rights as trumps is a relatively dangerous argument. It is worth noticing that in a real card game, trump cards are discarded because of their unrivaled power that would contribute to the victory of the card user. In many occasions, the collective goal behind laws and public policies is to utilize natural, economic and political r esources while to minimize any harm that might be caused by abuse of individual rights. Therefore, when trump cards are remained in a card game, what will be impaired is the protection against harms by means of constitutional laws, criminal sanctions and regulations. This protection manages to prevent harm that would be imposed on any individual victim, or any social groups, or even the whole community. For instance, in the case Church of the Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, the Supreme Court of United States of America held that an ordinance passed in Hialeah, Florida, forbidding the unnecessary killing of an animal in a public or private ritual or ceremony not for the primary purpose of food consumption, was unconstitutional. (1993) In the conclusion part, Justice Anthony Kennedy argued that religious beliefs need not be acceptable, logical, consistent or comprehensible to others in order to merit First Amendment protection. (1993) While protecting freedom of religion, this judgment may permit or even encourage deliberate animal killing under the name of religious errand or other noble causes, which could do harm to animals well-being.In Taking Rights Seriously, Dworkin created a famous metaphor of the timid lady on the streets of Chicago to demonstrate that members of a society only have a right to have enforced only those criminal laws that he would have a right to have enacted if they were not already law. (Dworkin, 1977) In other words, an individual rights only reside in those laws that allow him to participate in the process of legislation because he himself is directly involved in what those laws would prescribe. Laws against personal assault might be classified as this kind of law because those vulnerable members, as the minority, are in need of protection prescribed by law. However, in the Chicago ladys case, Dworkin refuted those rights that benefited society as a whole: The timid lady on the streets of Chicago is not entitled to just the degree of quiet that now obtains, nor is she entitled to have boys drafted to fight in wars she approves. There are laws—perhaps desirable laws—that provide these advantages for her, but the justification for these laws, if they can be justified at all, is the common desire of a large majority, not her personal right. If, therefore, these laws do abridge someone elses moral right to protest, or his right to personal security, she cannot urge a competing right to justify the abridgment. She has no personal right to have such laws passed, and she has no competing right to have them enforced either. (Dworkin, 1977)When Dworkin claimed that the collective goal of maintaining a safe community or a quiet street is not justified by individuals rights, this collective goal may symbolize the free will of the governed. With regard to Immanuel Kants rights theory, freedom of choice could be reflective of a generalized form of individual rights even though direct and substantial individual rights are not involved in collective actions. The reason is that any action is right if it can coexist with everyones freedom in accordance with a universal law, or if on its maxim the freedom of choice of each can coexist with everyones freedom in accordance with a universal law. (Kant, 1991, p. 56) What is more, Dworkins demonstration of the timid Chicago ladys lack of individual rights in laws for collective interests is not logically sufficient for his conclusion that individual rights should override collective goals.When celebrating the superiority of individual rights, the collective goal of maintaining every citizens well-being would be under threat. In my opinion, the collective goal of making the community safer not only includes those relatively abstract public interests, such as protection against foreign invasion, but also more specific ones scattered in every aspect of our daily lives: protection from parental abuse, assurance of lowest living standards and basic education, elimination of pollution and public dise ases. They are more or less related to the personal life of every citizen: one may not be entitled to how safe streets in Chicago are, but when he is actually walking in it, his property and personal safety will be under threat if a group of street gangsters are waiting in the corner. In this situation, Dworkins idea not only depreciates the value of collective goal, but discourages individuals from using their free will to make personal judgments on public issues as well. As long as someone is not entitled to a certain thing, like a boy who is not drafted to fight in the Vietnam War, or a man who has never suffered from gender discrimination towards female, his preference for Gulf of Tonkin Resolution or Affirmative Action will not be based on his own rights, but his unjustified common desire as a member of the majority. This decreases the credibility of individuals words in public, and even may create moral discrimination towards those who have not directly participated in certain affairs.In Justice for Hedgehogs, Dworkin argued that when evaluating those principles guiding the collective life of a society, the criterion should be whether individual rights have been exercised thoroughly with enough freedom and protection, rather than the fulfillment of moral duties of legislators. (Dworkin, 2011, p. 209) The individuals rights, instead of duties of legislators, should act as the lighthouse in the development of law-making. When we come to political morality, rights plainly provide a better focus than duties because their location is more precise: individuals have political rights, and some of those rights, at least, are matched only by collective duties of community as a whole rather than of particular individuals. (Dworkin, 2011, p. 208)Compared to individuals rights, the duty of lawmakers might be a relatively clearer criterion for measuring advantages and disadvantages of legislation. On the theoretical level, lawmakers are not only empowered with the right to create laws, but also the duty to ensure that they are practicing this right responsibly. While abusing this right, namely acting out of the margin of constitutional restrictions is considered as inappropriate, dereliction could also be a form of injustice. To avoid infringing upon any kind of individual rights, lawmakers may remain a passive attitude and stop enacting laws that would improve collective well-being, leaving their citizens with complete individual rights but only private means to exercise them. However, only with the criterion that individual rights are maintained, one cannot identify whether legislatures are taking their responsibility correctly and fully or not.For Dworkin, the political principles behind law share the common characteri stics that require members of a society to collectively respect and protect individuals rights to decide for themselves the meaning of a good life. Any kind of collective coercion that sacrifices individuals idea of good life is not allowed, because government must not abridge total freedom when its putative justification relies on some collective decision about what makes a life good or well-lived. We must each make that decision for himself: that is the core of our ethical responsibility. (Dworkin, 2011, p. 232) However, this may create moral dilemmas: what if an individuals concept of good life collides with social norms and conventions? For instance, begging has always been a problematic issue for Springfield, a city in Illinois. There once lived President Abraham Lincoln whose heritages attract thousands of tourists to visit the town every year. Both panhandlers and business owners view the tourists as an unprecedented commercial opportunity. By 2007, says Victoria Ringer, head of Downtown Springfield, the begging problem was out of control. (Heppermann, 2014) Panhandlers may consider that a good life comes from begging $10 to buy a meal by asking tourists waiting to see Lincolns House, knocking on car windows while they were stopped at red lights, and interrupting people on restaurant patios. However, their behavior may impose negative influence on tourists experience in Springfield and may even lead to declining of the local tourism industry. In 2007, Springfield, Illinois passed an ordinance that outlaws panhandling in its downtown. If Dworkins good life theory is applied, this ordinance would be opposed by the panhandlers freedom of leading a good life which in fact impairs the interests of tourists and local tourism industry. Social problems caused by panhandlers are a reflection of the good life moral dilemma which would trouble not only legal scholars in theoretical reasoning, but judges and policy-makers in actual cases as well.One of the theoretical basis for Dworkins rights as trumps might be individualism that has been shaping American culture and nourishing the idea that individual rights are the priority of American society. Individualism supports the notion that interests of the individual should attain the same position as, or even achieve precedence over p ublic interests or interests of a certain social class, while opposing external interference upon ones own interests by society or institutions such as the government. (Briddle, 2012) When the conflict between individual rights and collective interests arises, Doctor Naskars advice is the one reflective of American characteristics: You must hiss at people who intend to undermine your individuality and its ensuing rights with their false pride of Collectivism and intellectual stupidity. You must frighten them away, lest they should do you harm. Act like you have a lot of venom inside you, but never inject them into anyone. (Naskar, 2016. p. 29) Therefore, exuberantly brandishing the value of ones individual rights and combating against collective interests creates a rhetorical image of the American hero: an individual audaciously striving out a path that other did not dare to try, a Ulysses standing with himself to confront the power of the government and institution that prohibits him from exercising his individual rights. At the same time, other individuals, communities, and even the state may fall victim to the harms caused by his gloriously outrageous behavior under the name of exercising individual rights. For instance, the protagonist of the movie Three Billboards outside Ebbing Missouri, Mildred Hayes, whose daughter was murdered after being raped, has been urging the local police station to capture the murder for years. During the process, Hayes broke the dentists fingernail with electric drills, and burned the local police station and Dixon who was reading a letter inside, causing great damage to individual victims and the police force as a whole. Even with a justified, or even gallant goal of finding out the criminal, Mildred, the American hero appreciated by the audience, did impose a hugely negative impact on collective interests.In conclusion, Dworkins rights as trumps theory may overemphasize the importance of rights while overlooking the harm-preventing function of collective goals. His argument that the criteria to evaluate principles guiding the collective life should be individual rights rather than moral duties of legislators may fail to notice legislatures dereliction and passiveness: lawmakers may choose to do nothing rather than to do too much. Similarly, when Dworkin claimed that individuals should have rights to decide for themselves the meaning of a good life, a series of moral dil emmas, such as whether panhandlers should have right to beg will emerge. One of the reason for Dworkins perception of rights might be individualism in American culture. In a society that is almost excessively wary of obstacles to individual liberty and personal rights, harms caused by abuse of rights are tend to be depreciated or even neglected. References1. Regan, D. H. (1978), Glosses on Dworkin: Rights, Principles, and Policies. Michigan Law Review.2. Dworkin, R. (1984). Rights as Trumps. In: Wasdrom, J. Theories of Rights. Oxford: University Press, 1984.3. Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye, Inc. v. Hialeah, 508 U.S. 520 at 524 (1993).4. Dworkin, R. (1977). Taking Rights Seriously. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.5. Dworkin, R. (2011). Justice for Hedgehogs. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 6. Heppermann, A. (2014). The Right to Beg. Life of the Law, Vol. June, 2014.

Report on the Loss of Market Share-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Report on the Loss of Market share. Answer: Introduction Nokia is a telecommunication company which was established in the year 1865 but it was acquired by Microsoft in the year 2014. But again the company was sold off to the supply chain of Apple, Foxconn in exchange of $350 million. In the din and bustle of buying and selling, the Nokia Company had reportedly lost 766 million Euro in the year 2016. The cause of the loss has been described by the company as the fall in network sales and the shooting of costs from acquirement and incorporation of Alcatel- Lucent. In the years 1998- 2011, the company was leading in the making of mobile phones but gradually suffered losses owing to the booming industry of smart phones. Apart from the introduction of smart phones, the rise of competitors such as Apple and Android has been accountable for the loss of Nokia ("Our history | Nokia", 2017). With their severe loss in the market the company planned to cut 1700 jobs all over the world in 2009 in order to gradually respond to the introduction of new devices and technologies. This reduction in jobs continued till 2012 as Apple and Android became a major obstacle in the path of Nokia. The reason behind this was that Nokia was more of a hardware company than a software company. They were more focused on the physical components of their product rather than paying attention in the technological aspects. The biggest mistake on their part was to underestimate the significance of software which includes different applications of the mobile phone. In contrary to its competitor Apple, the hardware engineers of Nokia had always dominated the software engineers which resulted in the company to lag behind in technical aspects. Not only that, the company had also failed to understand the importance of transition to smart phones. It can be analyzed that a market survey would have helped t he company to measure the pulse of the target group and launch their products as per the demand of the market (Ciesielska, 2017). Another major fault of the Nokia Company was that they were overconfident of their own brand and products. They had a misconception that even if their entry in the smart phone market is delayed, it will not hamper their sale. They were not successful in recognizing the contemporary brands of the same sector which were not flexible as before. Even after many days of the launch of Apple iPhone, Nokia still did not stop insisting the people that they can win over the competitive advantage with their unique design which failed miserably. It can be contradicted that the adoption of Windows technology had been a mistake on the part of the Nokia company while it can also be said that their own operating system was also outdated and needed modification. In the period of superior technology, Nokia failed to answer the call of innovation which affected their sale and reputation. The deadly combination of overconfidence and underestimating posed a fatal outcome on the company. The most valuable brand in the world became the worst sufferer because of major mistakes on their part (Laamanen, Lamberg Vaara, 2016). Fig: Global market share of Nokia from 2007 (1st quarter)- 2013 (2nd quarter) Source: (Jia Yin, Y, 2015) Consumer Behavior Cultural factors With the diversification of a country, there are several factors which have an effect on the consumer behavior. The cultural factors that have played a part in the loss of Nokia are the increasing use of smart phones and different applications. Although Nokia was a pioneer in the smart phone market but still they could not maintain the leadership position in the market. They could not bring much innovation in their product until 2011 with the introduction of Windows phone. With the introduction of iPhone the whole concept of smart phone was changed which had a big impact on the consumers buying behavior. Moreover, the decision of the company to adopt Windows Phone instead of the trending Android technology could not attract the customers (Vuori Huy, 2016). Social factors Consumer behavior is dependent on the reference and recommendation by a closed group of family or friends. With the increasing use of smart phone applications which are typical of Apple and Android, Nokia could not grab the market with their Windows phone technology and thus lost their potential future market. Moreover, people nowadays are only targeting a specific brand as a result of that Nokia market was threatened in the USA by a generation of customers. This is because people are adopting android and IOS technology more than that of Windows. In fact Nokia was in an advantageous position than Samsung because it did not have to start from the ground position as they already had a established market of smart phone (Alibage, 2017, pg 9- 51). Personal factors The factors such as age, income, lifestyle and occupation of the consumers had an impact on the buying decision of the customers which failed to target required customers of the company. Apple iPhones were stylish and trendy which could meet the high standard of living and thus more appealing to the customers. With the increase in the income of the individuals it has become necessary for them to meet the high standard and Apple is considered as a style statement (Aspara et al., 2013, pg 2-25). Psychological factors Beliefs, perception and attitude vary from one customer to the other. It was a mistake on the part of the Nokia Company that they could not measure these three aspects of their target group. According to Maslows need theory, the level of motivation also influences the purchasing behavior of the consumers. Nokia did not pay attention towards the indulgence of the consumers as compared to their competitors. The learning process of the consumers is dependent on the skills, intention and knowledge which are evolved through constant practice. With the knowledge that is gained about the particular brand, they take the decision of buying the product. The Nokia Company should have measured the psychology of the customers before adopting the technology of Windows Phone. They failed to understand the perception of the consumers towards the Nokia brand and did not make any effort to increase brand awareness. Neither did they work towards the technological advancement of the products (Doz Wilso n, 2017). Government regulatory and economic policies The Nokia products are subject to government regulations which have a direct effect on the business. The Federal Communications Commission maintains a regulatory environment for mobile device and the network services to enhance growth of the particular sector. The government has criticized Nokia for their job cuts in different countries as a result of their loss in the market. They were blamed for not keeping the promise of making a technological hub by keeping research and development jobs. This was responsible for putting a halt to the companys production of new phones. In response to the government blame Microsoft mentioned that they will continue to launch Windows 10 and Lumia smart phones but they were not sure of the new windows phones ((Laamanen, Lamberg Vaara, 2016). Nokia was not so much of a poor company that it would fail so terribly. Even the government had said that they will not intervene by buying the market share of a weak mobile company. Nokia was once the global leader in the mobile phone sector but with the advent of its competitors the company has become no better than a drowning ship. The company had no other option than to shut down as a part of their cost- cutting plan. Previously Nokia was responsible for a major amount of share in the countrys economy and played a role in exporting more than a quarter (Akinsanmi, Ekundayo Okorie, 2013). But with the sinking of the companys fortune, the countrys economy has also been suffering. Moreover, other less popular companies which did not have much effect on the economy of the country got help from the government in order to avoid the trap of Europes financial dilemma ((Laamanen, Lamberg Vaara, 2016, pg 16- 27). Environmental factors The environmental factors that can be taken into consideration are Nokia was technically substandard to Apple, the company was content with their services and they could not foresee the introduction of iPhone. Also they could not keep up with the contemporary innovations which made them fall behind Apple, Samsung and other smart phone companies. They could not understand that their slow response to the adaptation of new technology will lead to such a disastrous loss. Similar to other electronic companies, Nokia also faced the constraints of safe and economic disposal of the used products in an environmentally sustainable manner. There is a chance that in the coming years the company could face the penalty from the laws of electronic manufacturers for disposal of the used devices specifically the use of lithium batteries (Wang, Hedman Tuunainen, 2016). Another environmental factor that affected Nokia Company is the price hike of raw materials and components such as lithium for batteries. Also the rising demand for lithium to be used for other purposes such as in electric cars restricted the supply by increasing the price. Climate change is a major environmental factor which posed a long term threat in the form of global warming. As a result of that there has been disruption in the trans- oceanic shipping which affected the supply chain of Nokia. The modifications in the environmental laws for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases have increased the production costs in the countries and thus affected the cost of Nokia ((Doz Wilson, 2017). The internal environmental factors of the company include management style, organizational culture and climate. A complicated and competent environment of Nokia threatened its existence in the market. There are some external environmental factors such as the practices which are against the laws and norms and the companies involving in such practices can have a negative impact. Nokia was late in taking measures to reduce the energy consumption by the company and ensure that all their materials are sourced ethically. Also they could not keep up with the innovation of the market as compared to the competitors and fell drastically when came to the sale of the products. They stumbled at various stages such as they were unable shift the spending of research and development into such products that had high demand in the market (Akinsanmi, Ekundayo Okorie, 2013, pg 459- 474). Nokias response The CEO of the company had responded by mentioning that although he was happy with the figures but still the problem of headwinds made him worried about the upcoming fall in networks. He stated that they are expecting the network sales to perform as per the market trend. Moreover, he showed confidence in the operation margin of 8-10 percent in the coming year. The company has also signed patent license with Apple with the aim of expanding their business in the near future (Aspara et al., 2013, pg 2-25). This much response was not sufficient on the part of the company. One of the main reasons behind their failure was that they could not measure the need of the potential market and again they failed to respond properly against the justification of their loss. They had launched a new product in 2002 against which Apple competed with new products (Laamanen, Lamberg Vaara, 2016, pg 16- 27). At that point, Nokia failed to respond to the technological advancement and developed applications. Although they had launched a few products but could not make anything unique that could appeal to the customers. It was wrong on their part to respond to the call of Windows in 2011 when they were already on the verge of declining. They should not have trusted Windows at that crucial point when it was new in the sector to regain their lost position in the market. Nokia lagged behind its competitors because they were unable to create the enthusiastic spirit among the customers with their new products as there was nothing unique in the products and thus flopped in the market. It is a fact that the customers will only revert to the companys response when they will get something as per their demand. The company failed to respond to the complaints of the customers in terms of their low voice quality, not so stylish heavy sets and not user friendly (Wang, Hedman Tuunainen, 2016). Recommendation It can be recommended for the company that they should be more technologically savvy in order to cope up with the market trend. The company has enough experience in the mobile phone industry which will be used effectively for regaining their value and share in the market. They need to get hold of the opportunities of newly expanding market and shift their focus on smart phone business. It can be suggested for the company that they should make sleek designed and stylish sets which will attract the customers and think of innovation in the form of tablets and notebooks. Fig: Yearly profit and turnover of Nokia Source: (Wang, Hedman Tuunainen, 2016) Nokia has been hit by decline in the main network sector where it was threatened by Apple and Samsung. Even though the company was the first in the market to introduce mobile handset still they could not maintain their position as a pioneer. The reasons behind their loss have been mentioned in the course of this assignment and it could be recommended that should be extremely innovative for hitting the market. They should bring about sensible designing in their phones along with technologically advanced software which could beat Apple and Android. They should work on their overconfidence and be attentive towards the customer demand to make products for meeting their needs. Fig: Apple hardware quality revenues vs. Samsung mobile Source: (Vuori Huy, 2016) Fig: Comparison between Apple and Nokia Source: (Ciesielska, 2017) Conclusion Therefore it can be concluded from the assignment based on Nokias loss that the key to their success lies in their own hands. They could have used better branding strategies in order to beat the competitors. When Apple and Android were booming in the mobile industry with their extraordinary design and high tech applications, Nokia was lagging behind with its Windows technology and old set of phones. They have underestimated the trend in shifting to the smart phone technology and thought that they will be able to capture the market later on. Their pride was the main factor behind their ruin and they lost their market. The not- so- friendly mobile phones could not appeal to the customers in front of the stylish iPhones. Also, the technologically advanced applications of Samsungs android were no match to the backdated technology used in the Nokia phones. There were other factors too which played a role in the loss of Nokia such as environmental factors, social factors, psychological factors, cultural factors and personal factors. The government also did not support the company to regain their market share. Moreover, Nokia failed to respond to the market call when it was needed. References Akinsanmi, O., Ekundayo, K. R., Okorie, P. U. (2013). Reliability Assessment of an Electronic System: A Case Study of Nokia N1650 Mobile Phone Charger in Zaria, Nigeria. InAdvanced Materials Research(Vol. 824, pp. 170-177). Trans Tech Publications. Alibage, A. (2017). Nokias Smartphones: What Happened, and What Possibly Happens? A Review of Nokias Strategic Management of Technology Prior to 2014, and an Analysis of the Current and Future Situations. Aspara, J., Lamberg, J. A., Laukia, A., Tikkanen, H. (2013). Corporate business model transformation and inter-organizational cognition: The case of Nokia.Long Range Planning,46(6), 459-474. Ciesielska, M. (2017). NOKIA ON THE SLOPE: THE FAILURE OF A HYBRID OPEN/CLOSED SOURCE MODEL.The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Doz, Y., Wilson, K. (2017).Ringtone: Exploring the Rise and Fall of Nokia in Mobile Phones. Oxford University Press. Jia, J., Yin, Y. (2015). Analysis of Nokias Decline from Marketing Perspective. Laamanen, T., Lamberg, J. A., Vaara, E. (2016). Explanations of success and failure in management learning: What can we learn from Nokias rise and fall?.Academy of Management Learning Education,15(1), 2-25. Our history | Nokia. (2017).Nokia. Retrieved 26 November 2017, from https://www.nokia.com/en_int/about-us/who-we-are/our-history Vuori, T. O., Huy, Q. N. (2016). Distributed attention and shared emotions in the innovation process: How Nokia lost the smartphone battle.Administrative Science Quarterly,61(1), 9-51. Wang, J., Hedman, J., Tuunainen, V. K. (2016). Path creation, path dependence and breaking away from the path: re-examining the case of Nokia.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,11(2), 16-27.